L4-U2-P2-1 Listening : Point of View 1
Point of View 1
This man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand.
The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple.
We can’t see which it is because we can’t see inside the box.
The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple.
It may be an apple, and it may be an orange.
It’s got to be one or the other.
It can’t be anything else.
What's the probability that it is an apple? - There is a 50% probability.
Why can't it be a banana? - There are only two choices.
It maybe an apple, but it can't be a banana.
Now let’s look at it from the man’s point of view.
From his point of view, the probabilities are different.
From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.
That’s because he knows what he has.
For him there is no uncertainty.
If he has an orange, the probability is 100%.
If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%.
He either has it or he doesn’t.
What is the probability that it is an orange? - There is a 0% probability.
From our point of view what's the probability that is a orange? - 50%
From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%.
From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.
So the probability depends on your point of view.
What is the probability that it is a banana? -a 0% probability
The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple.
It may be an apple, and it may be an orange.
It can't be anything else.
From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%.
The probability depends on your point of view, or how much you know.
L4-U2-P2-2 Listening : Point of View 2
Point of View 2
People see things from different points of view.
This often leads to arguments between people.
Here are some examples.
From this man’s point of view, he is relaxing.
He needs to relax because he has been working too hard.
He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.
If his wife aks him to get up and help her, he probably won't be happy.
If his wife shouts at him and tells him to get up and do something, he may shout back and refuse to help her.
His wife sees things differently.
She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working.
From her point of view, he is doing nothing.
However, she knows what needs to be done around the house.
It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing.
If he refuse to get up and help her, she will be angry at him.
What often leads to arguments between people? -They don't see things in the same way.
She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working.
When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different conclusions.
These differences can cause real communication problems.
She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working.
From this man’s point of view, he is relaxing.
He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.
However, she knows what needs to be done around the house.
People often argue with each other because they see things from a different point of view.
L4-U2-P2-3 Vocabulary : Disasters
Disasters
Earthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.
When the Earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.
An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy.
Explosions can be caused by chemical reactions, such as inside an engine.
A spark can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive purposes.
Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things,or by not being careful.
One major cause of accidents is driving too fast.
Accidents with fire can be very serious and can result in very painful injuries.
Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease such as the flu or Ebola.
Throughout history, epidemics have killed millions of people.
Storms are caused by changes in the atmosphere resulting in high winds and heavy rain.
Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere that produce lightning, which can cause forest fires.
Some storms cause flooding and major damage to homes and cities.
What happens when the Earth shakes? -When the Earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.
What can a spark of electricity cause? -A spark of electricity can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive purposes.
What is caused by driving too fast? -One major cause of accidents is driving too fast.
Which type of disaster has killed the largest number of people? -Epidemics have killed more people than all wars and natural disasters.
What can cause forest fires? - Many forest fires are caused by lightning.
An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy.
Some storms cause flooding and major damage to homes and cities.
Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease such as the flu or Ebola.
Many forest fires are caused by lightning.
One major cause of accidents is driving too fast.
Earthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.
Epidemics have killed more people than all wars and natural disasters.
When the Earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.
L4-U2-P2-5 Vocabulary : Religions
Religions
Followers of the Islam religion are called Muslims.
These Muslims are praying inside a Mosque.
Muslims are called to prayer five times a day, beginning just before sunrise.
Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2,000 years ago.
Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God.
Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.
Followers of Judaism are called Jews.
These Jews are meeting inside a synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.
Judaism was founded over 3500 (thirty-five hundred) years ago, in the Middle East.
Judaism is based on the teachings of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.
Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.
The religion is about 2,500 (twenty-five hundred) years old.
Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.
Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.
Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.
Some Hindus believe in the circle of birth, life, death and rebirth.
Followers of which religion can pray in Mosques? -Islam religion
Followers of which religion go to church or cathedrals? - Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.
Which religion was founded over 3500 years ago? -Judaism
Which religion is based on the teachings of the Buddha? -Buddhism
Which religion is the main religion of India? -Hinduism
Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.
Jews believe that Moses is the most important prophet.
Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.
Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God.
Followers of Judaism are called Jews.
Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.
Muslims are called to prayer five times a day, beginning just before sunrise.
Judaism was founded over 3500 years ago, in the Middle East.
L4-U2-P2-3 Dialogue : Missing Aircraft
Dialogue 1: Missing Aircraft
A: Do you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraft?
B: No, we don’t. The only information we have is that it disappeared.
A: What about the last communication with the aircraft?
B: The last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared.
A: Was there anything unusual in the communication?
B: No, there wasn't anything unusual. Nothing pointed to any kind of problem.
B: Anyway, we are confident that we will find it. It’s a large aircraft so it shouldn’t be difficult to find.
A: How many countries are helping with the search?
B: Right now, we have search teams from 3 countries starting the search.
A: It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will take?
B: Yes, it’s a big area so it might take a long time. But we won’t give up. We will search until we find it.
They plan to search for it until they find it.
It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will take?
Anyway, we are confident that we will find it.
No, there wasn't anything unusual.
The last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared.
It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will take?
Dialogue 2: Missing Aircraft
M1: Have they found the wreckage yet?
M2: What are you talking about?
M1: You know, the airplane that disappeared last year?
M2: Oh, yes, now I know what you're referring to.
M1: Yes, they found some pieces of it.
How much of the airplane have they found? - some pieces
M2: What about the black boxes?
M1: No, they still haven’t found the black boxes.
M2: It’s hard to believe they still don’t know what happened.
M1: Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t find the black boxes.
M2: Whatever happened to it, there is no good reason why a modern airline is allowed to disappear.
M1: I agree with you.
Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t find the black boxes.
What about the black boxes?
Now I know what you're referring to.
They found some pieces of the wreckage.
Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t find the black boxes.
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