高中语法专题(四种名词性从句):同位语从句知识点综合讲解及习题专练(完整版)

1.定义:用作同位语的从句;

2.that引导的同位语从句:同位语从句常放在fact(事实), idea(想法,注意), hope(希望), conclusion(结论,总结), evidence(证据), opinion(观点,看法), problem(问题), understanding(理解)等名词后面作同位语;that只起连接作用,不作成分,称作连词,不可省略;

  e.g. He had to face the fact that he was laid off his job.

        The news that the team won the game is exciting.

3. wh-疑问句引导的同位语从句:疑问代词who, which, what和疑问副词where, when, why, how也可引导同位语从句;在同位语从句中作成分,不可省略;

  e.g. I have no idea how soon how they are coming.

        The question who should do the work requires consideration.

4.whether引导的同位语从句:引导同位语从句,通常用whether,不用if,意为“是否”,起连接作用,称作连词,不可省略。

  e.g.They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the work.

        The question whether the Prime Minister should resign must be decided soon.

5.同位语从句中的虚拟语气:名词suggestion, order, demand, command, request, desire, proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+do”,should可省略。

    e.g. We'd better accept his suggestion that we (should) start right now.

6.名词doubt(怀疑)后可跟同位语从句:若用于肯定句中时用whether引导;若用于否定句中时则用that引导。

  e.g. There is some doubt whether they will come to help us.

        I have no doubt that he will win the game.

7.同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

(1)that既可引导同位语从句也可引导定语从句。在同位语从句中that为连接词,仅起连接词的作用;在定语从句中that为关系代词,既起连接作用,还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等;

  e.g. The news that we won the match is true.

        The news that you told us last night made us very happy.

(2) wh-­类引导词引导同位语从句有其本身的疑问含义;引导定语从句没有疑问意思,而且定语从句中不会出现what, how,if, whether。

  e.g. Have you got any idea where our English evening is to be held?

        This is the place where our English evening is to be held.

          We have no idea when they will turn up.

          I will never forget the days when we lived in the countryside.

8.填空:

(1) Please send us all the information______ you have about the candidate for the position.

(2)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

    —Yeah, but I have no idea ______ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.

(3) The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

(4) The notice came around two in the afternoon _______ the meeting would be postponed.

(5) Evidence has been found through years of study  _____children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.

(6) He often asked me the question ________the work was worth doing.

(7)I have no idea _______ the project will be finished.

(8) The thought occurred to him ________ he left his notebook in the reading room.

(9) The reason ________ he did it was not clear.

(10) The problem ________ city we are going to is not decided.

(11) The teacher had no idea _________ was going on in the classroom.

(12) No one has any idea __________ bag the red one is.

(13) I have no impression ________ he went home,perhaps by bike.

9.单句改错:

(1) I've come with a message from Mr. Wang how he won't be able to see you this afternoon.

(2) He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.

(3)—I told you that he would come to see you.

    —Actually, I had little doubt whether it was true.

(4) The doctor gave me some advice that I must stay at home for a good rest.                                                 

(5) Lily has some idea that she's going to be when she grows up.

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