睡眠，影响着我们如何与社会互动；而我们如何与周围的人互动，又影响着我们的睡眠。社会生活的互动方面，包括人际关系、个人感知和社会压力等。人际压力的构建包括了与家人、朋友以及更大的社会世界中的人的广泛经历。大多数成年人都有必须独立应对新的复杂的社会需求的时候，也因此需要发展复杂的社会技能，如角色（家庭或工作）适应和冲突管理(Adams et al., 2016; Przybylski et al., 2013)，这些挑战会在生活的许多领域产生人际关系压力，可能会对睡眠和心理健康造成影响。

睡眠是一个重要的生物过程，与心理社会过程密切相关，人际压力可能不仅直接影响心理健康结果，而且通过睡眠不足间接影响心理健康结果 (Adams et al., 2020)。

压力暴露（暴露于环境挑战)，和压力反应（一个人对挑战的心理和生理反应），已被证明是睡眠质量和持续时间较差的诱发因素(Harkness & Monroe, 2016)。睡眠持续时间反映了一个人的睡眠时间；而睡眠质量反映了连续性、睡眠结构、白天行为(如午睡)和对一个人睡眠质量的主观感知(Blunden & Galland, 2014)。暴露于更有压力的日常烦恼 (Benham, 2010)和有压力的生活事件(Drake et al., 2014)，如与伴侣吵架、遭受歧视、或感觉被拒绝等，与睡眠障碍相关(例如，主观睡眠质量更差，失眠风险更高)。人际冲突可能与睡眠障碍增加有关(Brissette & Cohen, 2002)，晚上无法停止思考是睡眠障碍的一个强有力的预测因素(Åkerstedt et al., 2002)，当人们对压力源产生沉思时，压力源会导致长时间的生理激活(Brosschot et al., 2005)。

关系效能和睡眠

压力暴露会促进压力反应而减少睡眠机会，相比那些人际关系能力、敬业度、与关系效率较低的人，积极的关系体验——关系效能——在应对压力事件时不太可能暴露和/或经历严重干扰，这有助于提高睡眠质量和/或延长睡眠时间 (Huelsnitz et al., 2019)。高关系效能指的是一个人在关系中积极的经历和建设性的参与；关系效能低反映了个人在关系中的消极经历或破坏性投入。人际关系效能高的人在人际关系中保持着相互关心和信任，并在情感上的亲密、回应、经验分享以及重视于忠诚和诚实(Englund et al., 2011; Labella et al., 2018)。善于解决冲突的人有能力维持并运转良好的恋爱关系，也可能更善于维持与他人的和谐关系，因此潜在地降低了生活压力事件的发生和破坏的严重程度。

关系的有效性来自于早期的关系经历(如亲子关系、同伴关系)，并与成人关系和经历的重要结果有关(Huelsnitz et al., 2019)。那些拥有能够建立和维持高质量关系的特征的人(即具有更高程度的信任、和谐、稳定等特征的关系)，可能会感到更大的归属感和情感安全感，这可能会促进更好的睡眠结果(Huelsnitz et al., 2019)。

根据自我决定理论，心理健康和自我调节取决于三个基本原则:能力、个人主动性和与他人的联系。从健康心理学的预防角度来看，应更多地关注工作的人际关系方面压力，以帮助降低工作的心理成本(Semmer et al., 2010)（可通过问题聚焦型应对，并嵌入情绪聚焦型应对）。睡眠是身体和情感健康的一个重要方面，也能在日常生活的社会、工作和家庭中有效和愉快地发挥作用。以往的研究指出，拥有社会支持与多种睡眠结果相关，包括改善睡眠质量、减少睡眠被干扰和减少失眠(Kent et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016; Portela et al., 2015)。

温馨提示：处方药和非处方药可能与慢性睡眠障碍不匹配，识别情境因素，如社会支持，可能是对慢性睡眠问题更为适当的反应(Roth & Roehrsm, 2003)。我们要理解，睡眠是一种个人的、日常的、重复性的、具有恢复性的健康行为 (Child et al., 2021)。

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