原创内容，转载请注明出处，多谢配合。
经过上一篇的介绍，对Input模块的组成有了大致了解。这篇介绍下输入子系统，了解下kernel如何收集硬件设备产生的输入事件。
一、输入子系统
Android设备可以同时连接多个输入设备，比如说触摸屏，键盘，鼠标等等。用户在任何一个设备上的输入就会产生一个中断，经由Linux内核的中断处理以及设备驱动转换成一个Event，并传递给用户空间的应用程序进行处理。每个输入设备都有自己的驱动程序，数据接口也不尽相同，如何在一个线程里（上面说过只有一个InputReader Thread)把所有的用户输入都给捕捉到? 这首先要归功于Linux 内核的输入子系统（Input Subsystem), 它在各种各样的设备驱动程序上加了一个抽象层，只要底层的设备驱动程序按照这层抽象接口来实现，上层应用就可以通过统一的接口来访问所有的输入设备。这个抽象层有三个重要的概念，input handler, input handle 和 input_dev,它们的关系如下图所示：
input_dev 代表底层驱动。
input_handler 代表某类输入设备的处理方法，相当于一个上层驱动。
(一个input_dev 可以有多个input_handler，同样，一个input_handler 可以用于多种输入设备。)
input handle 用来关联某个input_dev 和 某个 input_handler, 它对应上图中的紫色的原点。每个input handle 都会生成一个文件节点。
/dev/input $ ls
event0 event1 event2 event3 event4 event5 event6
比如图中4个evdev的handle就对应与 /dev/input/下的四个文件"event0 - 3". 通过input handle, 可以找到对应的input_handler 和 input_dev.
通过Linux input system获取用户输入的流程简单如下：
- 设备通过input_register_dev 将自己的驱动注册到Input 系统。
- 各种Handler 通过 input_register_handler将自己注册到Input系统中。
- 每一个注册进来的input_dev 或 Input_handler 都会通过input_connect() 寻找对方，生成对应的 input_handle，并在/dev/input/下产成一个设备节点文件.
- 应用程序通过打开(Open)Input_handle对应的文件节点，打开其对应的input_dev 和 input_handler的驱动。这样，当用户按键时，底层驱动就能捕捉到，并交给对应的上层驱动（handler)进行处理，然后返回给应用程序。
所以，只要打开 /dev/input/ 下的所有 event* 设备文件，我们就可以有办法获取所有输入设备的输入事件，不管它是触摸屏，还是一个USB 设备，还是一个红外遥控器。Android中完成这个工作的就是EventHub。它在NativeInputManager的初始化中被创建。
二、EventHub
另外, 说到输入子系统,不得不提EventHub, 它是底层event处理的枢纽，并向上层传递。
先看构造函数：
frameworks/native/services/inputflinger/EventHub.cpp
EventHub::EventHub(void) :
mBuiltInKeyboardId(NO_BUILT_IN_KEYBOARD), mNextDeviceId(1), mControllerNumbers(),
mOpeningDevices(0), mClosingDevices(0),
mNeedToSendFinishedDeviceScan(false),
mNeedToReopenDevices(false), mNeedToScanDevices(true),
mPendingEventCount(0), mPendingEventIndex(0), mPendingINotify(false) {
acquire_wake_lock(PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, WAKE_LOCK_ID);
//创建epoll对象用于监听是否有可读事件,EPOLL_SIZE_HINT为最大监听个数：8
mEpollFd = epoll_create(EPOLL_SIZE_HINT);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mEpollFd < 0, "Could not create epoll instance. errno=%d", errno);
//创建inotify对象用于监听设备节点DEVICE_PATH，即/dev/input，是否有变化（设备增删），设备的增删对应着设备节点的文件增删
mINotifyFd = inotify_init();
//inotify 监听 /dev/input 目录
int result = inotify_add_watch(mINotifyFd, DEVICE_PATH, IN_DELETE | IN_CREATE);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result < 0, "Could not register INotify for %s. errno=%d",
DEVICE_PATH, errno);
struct epoll_event eventItem;
memset(&eventItem, 0, sizeof(eventItem));
eventItem.events = EPOLLIN;
eventItem.data.u32 = EPOLL_ID_INOTIFY;
//将inotify对象注册到epoll中监听是否有新的可读的设备增删事件
result = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, mINotifyFd, &eventItem);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result != 0, "Could not add INotify to epoll instance. errno=%d", errno);
int wakeFds[2];
//创建管道，并将读端交给epoll，写端交给InputReader，用于唤醒epoll，避免epoll阻塞在epoll_wait()
//mWakeReaderFD， mWakeWriterFD对应上管道两端
result = pipe(wakeFds);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result != 0, "Could not create wake pipe. errno=%d", errno);
mWakeReadPipeFd = wakeFds[0];
mWakeWritePipeFd = wakeFds[1];
result = fcntl(mWakeReadPipeFd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result != 0, "Could not make wake read pipe non-blocking. errno=%d",
errno);
result = fcntl(mWakeWritePipeFd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result != 0, "Could not make wake write pipe non-blocking. errno=%d",
errno);
eventItem.data.u32 = EPOLL_ID_WAKE;
result = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, mWakeReadPipeFd, &eventItem);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result != 0, "Could not add wake read pipe to epoll instance. errno=%d",
errno);
int major, minor;
getLinuxRelease(&major, &minor);
// EPOLLWAKEUP was introduced in kernel 3.5
mUsingEpollWakeup = major > 3 || (major == 3 && minor >= 5);
}
总结：EventHub在初始化时，构造函数中创建了两个Fd，mEpollFd和mINotifyFd。其中mINotifyFd用于监听设备节点是否有设备文件的增删，将mINotifyFd注册到mEpollFd中，当发生新的设备增删，设备节点下的设备文件也会随之增删，就会通知mEpollFd有新的可读的设备增删事件，通知EventHub对设备进行处理。而mEpollFd监听是否有可读事件，创建管道，将读端交给epoll，写端交给InputReader来处理事件。
InputReader会在每次loop时，调用EventHub的getEvents来获取input事件：
size_t EventHub::getEvents(int timeoutMillis, RawEvent* buffer, size_t bufferSize) {
ALOG_ASSERT(bufferSize >= 1);
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
struct input_event readBuffer[bufferSize];
RawEvent* event = buffer;
size_t capacity = bufferSize;
bool awoken = false;
for (;;) {
nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
// Reopen input devices if needed.
if (mNeedToReopenDevices) {
mNeedToReopenDevices = false;
ALOGI("Reopening all input devices due to a configuration change.");
closeAllDevicesLocked();
mNeedToScanDevices = true;
break; // return to the caller before we actually rescan
}
// Report any devices that had last been added/removed.
while (mClosingDevices) {
Device* device = mClosingDevices;
ALOGV("Reporting device closed: id=%d, name=%s\n",
device->id, device->path.string());
mClosingDevices = device->next;
event->when = now;
event->deviceId = device->id == mBuiltInKeyboardId ? BUILT_IN_KEYBOARD_ID : device->id;
event->type = DEVICE_REMOVED;
event += 1;
delete device;
mNeedToSendFinishedDeviceScan = true;
if (--capacity == 0) {
break;
}
}
//第一次为true
if (mNeedToScanDevices) {
mNeedToScanDevices = false;
//打开"/dev/input/"目录下的input设备后，将其注册到epoll的监控队列中。
scanDevicesLocked();
mNeedToSendFinishedDeviceScan = true;
}
while (mOpeningDevices != NULL) {
Device* device = mOpeningDevices;
ALOGV("Reporting device opened: id=%d, name=%s\n",
device->id, device->path.string());
mOpeningDevices = device->next;
event->when = now;
event->deviceId = device->id == mBuiltInKeyboardId ? 0 : device->id;
event->type = DEVICE_ADDED;
event += 1;
mNeedToSendFinishedDeviceScan = true;
if (--capacity == 0) {
break;
}
}
if (mNeedToSendFinishedDeviceScan) {
mNeedToSendFinishedDeviceScan = false;
event->when = now;
event->type = FINISHED_DEVICE_SCAN;
event += 1;
if (--capacity == 0) {
break;
}
}
// Grab the next input event.
bool deviceChanged = false;
while (mPendingEventIndex < mPendingEventCount) {
const struct epoll_event& eventItem = mPendingEventItems[mPendingEventIndex++];
if (eventItem.data.u32 == EPOLL_ID_INOTIFY) {
if (eventItem.events & EPOLLIN) {
mPendingINotify = true;
} else {
ALOGW("Received unexpected epoll event 0x%08x for INotify.", eventItem.events);
}
continue;
}
if (eventItem.data.u32 == EPOLL_ID_WAKE) {
if (eventItem.events & EPOLLIN) {
ALOGV("awoken after wake()");
awoken = true;
char buffer[16];
ssize_t nRead;
do {
nRead = read(mWakeReadPipeFd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
} while ((nRead == -1 && errno == EINTR) || nRead == sizeof(buffer));
} else {
ALOGW("Received unexpected epoll event 0x%08x for wake read pipe.",
eventItem.events);
}
continue;
}
ssize_t deviceIndex = mDevices.indexOfKey(eventItem.data.u32);
if (deviceIndex < 0) {
ALOGW("Received unexpected epoll event 0x%08x for unknown device id %d.",
eventItem.events, eventItem.data.u32);
continue;
}
Device* device = mDevices.valueAt(deviceIndex);
if (eventItem.events & EPOLLIN) {
//从device中得到fd后再去读取设备，获取input事件
int32_t readSize = read(device->fd, readBuffer,
sizeof(struct input_event) * capacity);
if (readSize == 0 || (readSize < 0 && errno == ENODEV)) {
// Device was removed before INotify noticed.
ALOGW("could not get event, removed? (fd: %d size: %" PRId32
" bufferSize: %zu capacity: %zu errno: %d)\n",
device->fd, readSize, bufferSize, capacity, errno);
deviceChanged = true;
closeDeviceLocked(device);
} else if (readSize < 0) {
if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
ALOGW("could not get event (errno=%d)", errno);
}
} else if ((readSize % sizeof(struct input_event)) != 0) {
ALOGE("could not get event (wrong size: %d)", readSize);
} else {
int32_t deviceId = device->id == mBuiltInKeyboardId ? 0 : device->id;
size_t count = size_t(readSize) / sizeof(struct input_event);
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
struct input_event& iev = readBuffer[i];
ALOGV("%s got: time=%d.%06d, type=%d, code=%d, value=%d",
device->path.string(),
(int) iev.time.tv_sec, (int) iev.time.tv_usec,
iev.type, iev.code, iev.value);
// Some input devices may have a better concept of the time
// when an input event was actually generated than the kernel
// which simply timestamps all events on entry to evdev.
// This is a custom Android extension of the input protocol
// mainly intended for use with uinput based device drivers.
if (iev.type == EV_MSC) {
if (iev.code == MSC_ANDROID_TIME_SEC) {
device->timestampOverrideSec = iev.value;
continue;
} else if (iev.code == MSC_ANDROID_TIME_USEC) {
device->timestampOverrideUsec = iev.value;
continue;
}
}
if (device->timestampOverrideSec || device->timestampOverrideUsec) {
iev.time.tv_sec = device->timestampOverrideSec;
iev.time.tv_usec = device->timestampOverrideUsec;
if (iev.type == EV_SYN && iev.code == SYN_REPORT) {
device->timestampOverrideSec = 0;
device->timestampOverrideUsec = 0;
}
ALOGV("applied override time %d.%06d",
int(iev.time.tv_sec), int(iev.time.tv_usec));
}
// Use the time specified in the event instead of the current time
// so that downstream code can get more accurate estimates of
// event dispatch latency from the time the event is enqueued onto
// the evdev client buffer.
//
// The event's timestamp fortuitously uses the same monotonic clock
// time base as the rest of Android. The kernel event device driver
// (drivers/input/evdev.c) obtains timestamps using ktime_get_ts().
// The systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC) function we use everywhere
// calls clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) which is implemented as a
// system call that also queries ktime_get_ts().
event->when = nsecs_t(iev.time.tv_sec) * 1000000000LL
+ nsecs_t(iev.time.tv_usec) * 1000LL;
ALOGV("event time %" PRId64 ", now %" PRId64, event->when, now);
// Bug 7291243: Add a guard in case the kernel generates timestamps
// that appear to be far into the future because they were generated
// using the wrong clock source.
//
// This can happen because when the input device is initially opened
// it has a default clock source of CLOCK_REALTIME. Any input events
// enqueued right after the device is opened will have timestamps
// generated using CLOCK_REALTIME. We later set the clock source
// to CLOCK_MONOTONIC but it is already too late.
//
// Invalid input event timestamps can result in ANRs, crashes and
// and other issues that are hard to track down. We must not let them
// propagate through the system.
//
// Log a warning so that we notice the problem and recover gracefully.
if (event->when >= now + 10 * 1000000000LL) {
// Double-check. Time may have moved on.
nsecs_t time = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
if (event->when > time) {
ALOGW("An input event from %s has a timestamp that appears to "
"have been generated using the wrong clock source "
"(expected CLOCK_MONOTONIC): "
"event time %" PRId64 ", current time %" PRId64
", call time %" PRId64 ". "
"Using current time instead.",
device->path.string(), event->when, time, now);
event->when = time;
} else {
ALOGV("Event time is ok but failed the fast path and required "
"an extra call to systemTime: "
"event time %" PRId64 ", current time %" PRId64
", call time %" PRId64 ".",
event->when, time, now);
}
}
event->deviceId = deviceId;
event->type = iev.type;
event->code = iev.code;
event->value = iev.value;
event += 1;
capacity -= 1;
}
if (capacity == 0) {
// The result buffer is full. Reset the pending event index
// so we will try to read the device again on the next iteration.
mPendingEventIndex -= 1;
break;
}
}
} else if (eventItem.events & EPOLLHUP) {
ALOGI("Removing device %s due to epoll hang-up event.",
device->identifier.name.string());
deviceChanged = true;
closeDeviceLocked(device);
} else {
ALOGW("Received unexpected epoll event 0x%08x for device %s.",
eventItem.events, device->identifier.name.string());
}
}
// readNotify() will modify the list of devices so this must be done after
// processing all other events to ensure that we read all remaining events
// before closing the devices.
if (mPendingINotify && mPendingEventIndex >= mPendingEventCount) {
mPendingINotify = false;
readNotifyLocked();
deviceChanged = true;
}
// Report added or removed devices immediately.
if (deviceChanged) {
continue;
}
// Return now if we have collected any events or if we were explicitly awoken.
if (event != buffer || awoken) {
break;
}
// Poll for events. Mind the wake lock dance!
// We hold a wake lock at all times except during epoll_wait(). This works due to some
// subtle choreography. When a device driver has pending (unread) events, it acquires
// a kernel wake lock. However, once the last pending event has been read, the device
// driver will release the kernel wake lock. To prevent the system from going to sleep
// when this happens, the EventHub holds onto its own user wake lock while the client
// is processing events. Thus the system can only sleep if there are no events
// pending or currently being processed.
//
// The timeout is advisory only. If the device is asleep, it will not wake just to
// service the timeout.
mPendingEventIndex = 0;
mLock.unlock(); // release lock before poll, must be before release_wake_lock
release_wake_lock(WAKE_LOCK_ID);
//等待input事件
int pollResult = epoll_wait(mEpollFd, mPendingEventItems, EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS, timeoutMillis);
acquire_wake_lock(PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, WAKE_LOCK_ID);
mLock.lock(); // reacquire lock after poll, must be after acquire_wake_lock
if (pollResult == 0) {
// Timed out.
mPendingEventCount = 0;
break;
}
if (pollResult < 0) {
// An error occurred.
mPendingEventCount = 0;
// Sleep after errors to avoid locking up the system.
// Hopefully the error is transient.
if (errno != EINTR) {
ALOGW("poll failed (errno=%d)\n", errno);
usleep(100000);
}
} else {
// Some events occurred.
mPendingEventCount = size_t(pollResult);
}
}
// All done, return the number of events we read.
return event - buffer;
}
第一次getEvents时，打开"/dev/input/"目录下的input设备，并将其注册到epoll的监控队列中。这样一旦对应设备上有可读的input事件，则epool_wait()就会返回，并带回deviceid，找到具体的device。整个事件的获取中，除了input事件，设备的打开关闭等信息，也要包装成event，上报给InputReader。简单理解，EventHub就是InputReader用于打开和关闭Input设备，监听和读取Input事件的对象。
下一篇文章：
Android Input（三）-InputReader获取事件
参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/samchen2009/p/3368158.html
我读过的最好的epoll讲解
