为了能把核仁共显性机制了解得更加透彻,我需要找更多调控rDNA转录剪接的基因,在一篇名为Regulation of rDNA transcription in response to growth factors, nutrients and energy 的文章里我找到了一些线索,这篇文章是关于哺乳动物的,但由于rDNA的保守性,我认为具有一定参考价值。文中强调mTORC1, ERK and MYC pathways regulate rDNA transcription,这三个途径调控着rDNA的转录,文中的Ribosome biogenesis 部分写得很好很有参考价值,哺乳动物中rDNA的成功转录需要核仁中的Pol I 将47S rDNA转录出来然后迅速加工成18S, 5.8S和28S;需要Pol III 在核浆中合成小结构的RNA,比如5S rRNA和tRNA。其中Pol I 的调控基因发挥的作用表现的尤为重要。
RRN是一个转录起始因子1A,
SL-1是转录起始因子1B,
UBF(upstream binding factor)是一个上游结合因子。
Pol I的PIC(pre-initiation complex)聚合体演化模型
1)UBF率先结合在rDNA启动子区,并开始招募SL-1复合体;
2)UBF招募到SL-1并在启动子区形成UBF/SL-1复合体,该复合体可以促进具有起始转录功能的Pol I亚蛋白群体与rDNA启动子区结合;
3)Pol I在RNN3的介导下与SL-1互作,形成 rDNA//UBF//SL-1//RRN3//Pol I//rDNA 的一个复合体,这个复合体就是Pol I PIC复合体。
除了转录起始,UBF还在rDNA的转录延伸以及染色质重塑中起到重要作用。
RRN3(also known as transcription initiation factor 1A, TIF-1A),selectivity factor 1 (SL-1; also known as TIF-1B) and upstream binding factor (UBF),我就直接copy啦 In the evolving model of Pol I pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly, the initial binding of UBF to the rDNA promoter leads to recruitment of the SL-1 complex. The resultant UBF/SL-1 complex facilitates binding of an initiation-competent subpopulation of Pol I which is associated with RRN3 and RRN3 mediates the interaction between Pol I and SL-1, to form the PIC at the rDNA promoter (reviewed inDiesch et al., 2014). In addition to transcription initiation, UBF also plays a multifunctional role in rDNA transcription elongation and chromatin remodeling (Stefanovsky et al., 2006a,Sanij et al., 2008).
接着我拜读了另一篇 Hot spots of DNA double-strand breaks and genomic contacts of human rDNA units are involved in epigenetic regulation的文章,文中是提供了rDNA产生DSBs(double string breaks )的热点,发现集中在IGS区域。