Obscene
英 [əb'siːn] 美 [əb'sin]
adj. 淫秽的;猥亵的;可憎的
Obscene是一个情绪色彩很浓烈的形容词,形容淫秽、下流、不体面,道德上十分令人不齿的行为(offensive or disgusting by accepted standards of morality and decency) ,常用来形容picture, movie, gesture和language. 在正式书面语中,淫秽物品是用obscene articles来表达的。
Michael made an obscene gesture.
麦克做了个下流手势。
Using animals' skins for fur coats is obscene.
用动物皮毛做衣服是十分不道德的。
有时候在口语中,我们也用obscene来进行修辞,强调厌恶的感觉,比如:
"I was watching obscene amounts of boring TV series"
我看了太多无聊的电视剧集了。
Some players earn obscene amounts of money.
有些运动员的收入高得离谱。
Obscenity law(有关认定淫秽物品的法律)在美国有一个有趣的发展经历,因为人为认定淫秽物品很容易和美国宪法第一修正案(First Amendment) 相抵触。这导致早期的法律始终没有明确的认定标准。因此美国最高法院前任大法官Potter Stewart有过一段著名的表达:"I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced ... [b]ut I know it when I see it...."
1973年,另外一名首席大法官才在法庭意见中用这样一段复杂的表达来提供依据,从这段法律文本,可以看出美国法律忽略形式,看重实质的特点:
The basic guidelines for the trier of fact must be: (a) whether the average person, applying contemporary community standards would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest, (b) whether the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law; and (c) whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
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