The world of object-oriented programming revolves around *explicit it * interfaces and ...
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41 Understand implicit interfaces and compile-time polymorphism
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37 Never redefine a function's inherited default parameter value
In this example, b and d are all declared to be of type pointer-to-Base, so they all ha...
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33 Avoid hiding inherited names
The statement reading into x refers to the local variable x instead of the global varia...
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32 Make sure public inheritance models "is-a"
"is-a":Foo is-a Bar : "has-a"Foo has-a Bar If you write that class D publicly inherits ...
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31 Minimize compilation dependencies between files
Here, class Person can't be compiled without access to definitions for the classes the ...
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30 Understand the ins and outs of inlining.
Inline functions —— what a wonderful idea! They look like functions, they act like func...
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28 Avoid returning "handles" to object internals
Suppose you are working on an application involving rectangles. Each rectangle can be r...
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27 Minimize casting
The rules of C++ are designed to guarantee that type errors are impossible. In theory ,...
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26 Postpone variable definitions as long as possible
Whenever you define a variable of a type with a constructor or destructor, you incur th...
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24 Declare non-member functions when type conversions should apply to all parameters
If you are designing a class to represent rational numbers, allowing implicit conversio...
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23 Prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions
Image a class for representing web browsers.Among the many functions such a class might...
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22 Declare data members private
On the one hand, if data members are not public, the only way for clients to access an ...
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21 Don't try to return a reference when you must return an object
Consider a class for representing rational numbers, including a function for multiplyin...
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20 Prefer pass-by-reference-to-const to pass-by-value
Unless you specify otherwise, function parameters are initialized with copies of the ac...
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19 Treat class design as type design
Defining a new class defines a new type. Much of your time as a C++ developer will be s...
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18 Make interfaces easy to use correctly and hard to use incorrectly
There are many kinds interfaces in C++ such as function interfaces, class interfaces an...
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17 Store newed objects in smart pointers in standalone statements
Suppose we have a function to reveal our processing priority and a second function to d...
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16 Use the same form in corresponding uses of new and delete
Thought new is matched with a delete, something is quiet wrong.The program's behavior i...
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15 Provide access to raw resources in resource-managing classes
Resource-managing classes are wonderful.But there are different from the class what we ...