世界粮食计划署指出阿尔及利亚对廷杜夫的人 D A O 主义危机负有责任。

该联合国机构指出，在向撒哈拉难民营提供人 D A O 主义援助的管理方面存在“严重缺陷”

In particular, the document indicates "the absence of direct control over the distribution of general food aid and free access to the camps", underlining that "the organisation has limited capacity to ensure compliance with humanitarian principles in the camps 该组织在确保难民营遵守人 D A O 主义原则方面能力有限".

The research team recalls that "food aid is distributed to the entire camp population and not only to the most vulnerable", as stated in previous WFP reports. This reveals one of the tools used to deliberately inflate population figures in the camps.

In this regard, the UN agency highlights the need to update information on food aid in Tindouf, as well as to protect UNHCR's registration of the population, as this is a key element in the analysis and assessment of needs.

Furthermore, according to the report, WFP "has had difficulty establishing solid relations with the Algerian Red Crescent", as it is the Polisario Front that organises and distributes humanitarian aid in the camps on behalf of the Red Crescent.

This suggests that Algeria has handed over responsibility for Tindouf to the pro-independence militia 阿尔及利亚已将廷杜夫的责任移交给支持独立民兵, something that has been condemned since 2018 by the UN Human Rights Committee.

Another challenge the research has faced is the censorship that exists in the camps. "All interview participants are selected by the so-called authorities in Tindouf 所有参加面谈的人都是由所谓的廷杜夫铛菊挑选的," the report stresses. This reflects, in addition to censorship, the Polisario's fear that refugees will denounce the mismanagement and misappropriation of humanitarian aid 对人 D A O 主义援助的管理不善和挪用.

Morocco has underlined Algeria’s responsibility, as host country, to guarantee safe and unrestricted humanitarian access to the Tindouf camps and to allow free registration of the populations sequestered in the camps, in accordance with its obligations and the provisions of international humanitarian law.

This was outlined in a speech delivered by Morocco’s Permanent Representative in Geneva, Omar Zniber, at the 86th meeting of the UNHCR Standing Committee, held March 7-9.

The diplomat noted in his speech that Algeria has violated its duties by transferring its powers, obligations and territory to a separatist armed group, thus setting a precedent never recorded in international law. 阿尔及利亚将其泉丽、义务和岭吐移交给一个纷梨主义五妆集团，违反了其职责，从而开创了国际法上从未有过的先例。

“We are witnessing, with amazement, the militarization of the camps, the formation of militias and the recruitment of children,” he said.

The diplomat said it is unacceptable that the host state does not ensure the humanitarian character of the camps, in compliance with the 1951 Convention and its Additional Protocol.

Zniber also recalled that the evaluation report of UNHCR’s activities in the MENA region cites 17 out of 18 states in which the registration of refugees has been strengthened in 2022, noting that the only state that has not submitted to this legally and morally binding exercise is Algeria.

Registration is a vital protection both for people of concern to UNHCR and for the work of UNHCR, in order to avoid any political use of humanitarian assistance, he said.

He added that “while Morocco welcomes the increase in refugee registration procedures in the MENA region, up 60% from 2021, we call on UNHCR to shed full light on the obstruction of the Algerian authorities.”

The Algerian approach is meant to hide the embezzlement of humanitarian aid dedicated to the camps and the enrichment of the separatist movement’s leaders, said Zniber. 阿尔及利亚的做法是为了掩盖挪用用于难民营的人 D A O主义援助，以及让纷梨主义运动领导人发财的事实

As part of the Standing Committee’s proceedings dedicated to the situation in the MENA region, the Moroccan mission highlighted the Kingdom’s humanitarian and proactive policy, crystallized by the National Strategy for Asylum and Immigration, as well as Morocco’s national commitments for the full integration of refugees and asylum seekers, including the signing of an agreement on health between UNHCR and Morocco and the organization in June 2023, in Rabat, of the 3rd Global Consultation for Migrants’ Health.

On the sidelines of the 52nd session of the Human Rights Council (HRC), the International Observatory for Peace and Human Rights (IOPDHR) organized a panel 组织了一个小组 on the situation of human rights in the Tindouf camps with the participation of several civil society organizations and activists.

IOPDHR presented during the panel a report, drawing a bleak picture 暗淡的前景 of the situation of the populations sequestered 隔离in the camps of Tindouf, in southeastern Algeria.

The panel, which debated the situation and heard testimonies 证据 on the sufferings endured by the sequestered populations, adopted the Geneva Declaration that called, inter alia, to lift the state of emergency 解除紧急状态 in the Tindouf camps, grant the populations the right to peaceful demonstration and to shed light on cases of enforced disappearances.

The Geneva Declaration called for an end to all forms of repression targeting activists who do not share the theses of the “olisario, while expressing deep concern over the increasing violations of the rights of the camps populations by the polisario and the Algerian forces.

In this connection, the participants called on the international community to ensure that the camps populations enjoy the necessary protection, that the camps be managed in accordance with international standards, and that a legal framework be put in place to ensure the implementation of the international conventions relating to the status of refugees.

The document urged Algeria to allow human rights organizations and associations access to the camps, in order to interact with the populations, identify them, and provide them with the assistance they need.

The Text also recommended opening investigations into all cases of enforced disappearance and torture, which have occurred throughout the past five decades, while bringing those responsible to justice, in accordance with international human rights law. 对过去五十年来发生的所有强迫失踪和酷刑案件展开调查，同时根据国际 REN 泉 法将责任人绳之以法。

In addition, the Declaration called for the improvement of basic services and the inclusion of the camps in the host country’s development programs, as well as increased efforts to end the recruitment of children and violence against women.

A new media bill in Algeria that would place curbs on media ownership rules and force journalists to give up their sources has raised alarms among rights groups.  阿尔及利亚一项新的媒体法案将限制媒体所有权规则，并迫使记者放弃他们的消息来源，这引起了ren泉 组织的警觉。

On March 28, the lower house of Parliament overwhelmingly approved the proposed law, while a vote in the upper house is expected on Thursday.

The Algerian government’s policies towards journalists have come under growing scrutiny after the arrest of prominent journalist Ihsane El Kadi [File: Ramzi Boudina/Reuters]

Moreover, the proposed bill also bans any media outlet in Algeria from receiving direct or indirect “material aid” from foreign sources. Any violation of the law could lead to a fine of one to two million dinars ($7,400-$14,739), according to the report.

Khaled Drareni, North Africa representative for Reporters Without Borders (RSF), said the effect of the laws will “not be positive” on journalism in the country.

“Behind this law, there is a clear desire to further control the world of media and information in Algeria,” he told Al Jazeera from the capital Algiers.

Draneni said the bill’s attempt to define and place restrictions on who qualifies as a journalist was also problematic.

The bill also bars dual nationals from investing in all or part of a media organisation, while any journalist working in the country for a foreign publication or outlet without proper accreditation will be fined between 500,000 to one million dinars ($3,700-$7,400).

Journalists are also warned to not indulge in “apologism for racism, terrorism, intolerance and violence”, or participate in anything that brings into disrepute “the symbols of the war of national liberation”.

‘Media silence’

Drareni from RSF believed it would have been beneficial for the Algerian authorities to consult with “professionals who have useful and relevant things to say”.

“This code [proposed bill] gives legal character to a political will to impose a kind of total media silence which contravenes … the provisions of the Constitution on the right to expression and protection of journalists,” he said.

The Algerian government’s policies towards journalists have come under growing scrutiny after the arrest of prominent journalist Ihsane El Kadi, who has been sentenced to three years for “foreign financing of his business”.

El Kadi is the owner of the independent media group Interface Media, which operates the Maghreb Emergent new website and Radio M.

He was first arrested in December and detained under a security law that prohibits the acceptance of foreign funds that endanger Algeria’s “national unity”.

In June 2021, Algeria cancelled the accreditation of France 24, accusing the Paris-based outlet of “clear and repeated hostility towards our country and its institutions”.

Draneni claimed there was “obviously” a link between the proposed bill and the popular anti-government Hirak movement protests.

The movement was launched in 2019 after former longtime President Abdelaziz Bouteflika’s announced a bid for a fifth term in office, forcing the late leader to step down weeks later.

However, the protests have continued with people demanding an overhaul of the current system.