fig,axes = plt.subplots(4,1,figsize = (10,10))
s = pd.Series(np.random.randint(0,10,16),index = list('abcdefghijklmnop'))
# 单系列柱状图方法一：plt.plot(kind='bar/barh')
s.plot(kind='bar',color = 'k',grid = True,alpha = 0.5,ax = axes[0]) # ax参数 → 选择第几个子图
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10,3), columns=['a','b','c'])
df.plot(kind='bar',ax = axes[1],grid = True,colormap='Reds_r')
# 多系列柱状图
df.plot(kind='bar',ax = axes[2],grid = True,colormap='Blues_r', stacked=True)
# 多系列堆叠图
# stacked → 堆叠
df.plot.barh(ax = axes[3],grid = True,stacked=True,colormap = 'BuGn_r')
# 新版本plt.plot.<kind>
image.png
# 柱状图 plt.bar()
plt.figure(figsize=(10,4))
x = np.arange(10)
y1 = np.random.rand(10)
y2 = -np.random.rand(10)
# x,y参数：x，y值
# width：宽度比例
# facecolor柱状图里填充的颜色、edgecolor是边框的颜色
# left-每个柱x轴左边界,bottom-每个柱y轴下边界 → bottom扩展即可化为甘特图 Gantt Chart
# align：决定整个bar图分布，默认left表示默认从左边界开始绘制,center会将图绘制在中间位置
# xerr/yerr ：x/y方向error bar
plt.bar(x,y1,width = 1,facecolor = 'yellowgreen',edgecolor = 'white',yerr = y1*0.1)
plt.bar(x,y2,width = 1,facecolor = 'lightskyblue',edgecolor = 'white',yerr = y2*0.1)
# 给图添加text
# zip() 函数用于将可迭代的对象作为参数，将对象中对应的元素打包成一个个元组，然后返回由这些元组组成的列表。
for i,j in zip(x,y1):
plt.text(i+0.3,j-0.15,'%.2f' % j, color = 'white')
for i,j in zip(x,y2):
plt.text(i+0.3,j+0.05,'%.2f' % -j, color = 'white')
image.png
# 外嵌图表plt.table()
# table(cellText=None, cellColours=None,cellLoc='right', colWidths=None,rowLabels=None, rowColours=None, rowLoc='left',
# colLabels=None, colColours=None, colLoc='center',loc='bottom', bbox=None)
data = [[ 66386, 174296, 75131, 577908, 32015],
[ 58230, 381139, 78045, 99308, 160454],
[ 89135, 80552, 152558, 497981, 603535],
[ 78415, 81858, 150656, 193263, 69638],
[139361, 331509, 343164, 781380, 52269]]
columns = ('Freeze', 'Wind', 'Flood', 'Quake', 'Hail')
rows = ['%d year' % x for x in (100, 50, 20, 10, 5)]
df = pd.DataFrame(data,columns = ('Freeze', 'Wind', 'Flood', 'Quake', 'Hail'),
index = ['%d year' % x for x in (100, 50, 20, 10, 5)])
print(df)
df.plot(kind='bar',grid = True,colormap='Blues_r',stacked=True,figsize=(8,3))
# 创建堆叠图
# cellText：表格文本
# cellLoc：cell内文本对齐位置
# rowLabels：行标签
# colLabels：列标签
# rowLoc：行标签对齐位置
# loc：表格位置 → left，right，top，bottom
plt.table(cellText = data,
cellLoc='center',
cellColours = None,
rowLabels = rows,
rowColours = plt.cm.BuPu(np.linspace(0, 0.5,5))[::-1], # BuPu可替换成其他colormap
colLabels = columns,
colColours = plt.cm.Reds(np.linspace(0, 0.5,5))[::-1],
rowLoc='right',
loc='bottom')
plt.xticks([])
# 不显示x轴标注
Freeze Wind Flood Quake Hail
100 year 66386 174296 75131 577908 32015
50 year 58230 381139 78045 99308 160454
20 year 89135 80552 152558 497981 603535
10 year 78415 81858 150656 193263 69638
5 year 139361 331509 343164 781380 52269
image.png
