过去分词
- 后缀-d：
形容词：
bedraggle → bedraggled
desiccate → desiccated
disgruntle → disgruntled
elate → elated
emaciate → emaciated
- 后缀-ed：
形容词：
disappoint → disappointed
enamor → enamored
- 后缀-en：
形容词：
beat → beaten
fall → fallen
- 后缀-t：
形容词：
burn → burnt
- 后缀-ate（拉丁语过去分词，-atus）：
动词：
authentic → authenticate
现在分词
- 后缀-ing
形容词：
enchant → enchanting
languish → languishing
- 后缀-ent（拉丁语现在分词，-entem）
形容词：
impend→ impendent
形容词1：swollen、disgruntled、enamored、satisfied、mystified、bereft、nonplussed、forsaken、hurt、gone
形容词2：
distinct（拉丁语distinguere，过去分词distinctus）
sinuate（拉丁语sinuare，过去分词sinuatus）
bipartite（拉丁语bipartire，过去分词bipartitus）形容词/名词：past
形容词/名词1：
requisite（拉丁语requirere，过去分词requisitus）名词1：accused
名词2：
adit（拉丁语adire，过去分词aditus）动词：
certificate（拉丁语certificare，过去分词certificatus）
desiccate（拉丁语desiccare，过去分词desiccatus）
annihilate（拉丁语annihilare，过去分词annihilatus）
hesitate（拉丁语haesitare，过去分词haesitatus）
debilitate（拉丁语debilitare，过去分词debilitatus）动词/形容词：
agglutinate （拉丁语agglutinare，过去分词agglutinatus）
corrupt（拉丁语corrumpere，过去分词corruptus）
clad (adj.)
"clothed," c. 1300, cledde, from cledde, alternative past tense and past participle of clothe.
emersed (adj.)
1680s, formed as if a past-participle adjective, from Latin emersus, past participle of emergere "rise out or up" (see emerge).
hewn (adj.)
14c., from strong past participle of hew.
trodden
past participle of tread (v.). The past participle was altered from Middle English treden under influence of Middle English past participles such as stolen from steal.
fluctuate (v.)
1630s, from Latin fluctuatus, past participle of fluctuare "to undulate, to move in waves," from fluctus"a wave, billow, surge, a flowing," from past participle of fluere "to flow" (see fluent).
perplexed (adj.)
late 15c., past-participle adjective; see perplex. A case of a past participle form attested centuries before the verb (perplex isn't recorded until 17c.).
woven (adj.)
late 15c., past-participle adjective from weave (v.) on analogy of stolen.
sawn
strong past participle of saw (v.), attested from c. 1400.
dory (n.)
type of edible fish, mid-15c., from Old French doree, originally the fem. past participle of dorer "to gild," from Latin deauratus, past participle of deaurare, from de-, here probably intensive, + aurare"to gild," from aurum (see aureate). So called in reference to its colorings.
pulsate (v.)
1741, back-formation from pulsation, from Latin pulsatus, past participle of pulsare "to beat against, strike upon," frequentative of pellere (past participle pulsus) "to beat, strike" (from PIE root *pel- (5) "to thrust, strike, drive").
cultivate (v.)
early 17c., from Medieval Latin cultivatus, past participle of cultivare "to cultivate," from Late Latincultivus "tilled," from Latin cultus "care, labor; cultivation," from past participle of colere "to till" (seecolony). Figurative sense of "improve by training or education" is from 1680s.
distraught (adj.)
late 14c., alteration (Englishing) of earlier distract (perhaps by association with other past participle forms in -ght, such as caught, bought, brought), mid-14c., past participle of distracten "derange the intellect of, drive mad" (see distract).
triturate (v.)
"grind into powder," 1755, from Late Latin trituratus, past participle of triturare "to thresh, to grind," from Latin tritura "a rubbing, a threshing," from past participle stem of terere "to rub" (from PIE root*tere- (1) "to rub, turn").
nee
introducing the maiden name of a married woman, 1758, from French née, fem. past participle ofnaître "born," from Latin natus, past participle of nasci "to be born" (Old Latin gnasci, from PIE root*gene- "give birth, beget").
postulate (v./n.)
1530s, "nominate to a church office," from Medieval Latin postulatus, past participle of postulare "to ask, demand; claim; require," probably formed from past participle of Latin poscere "ask urgently, demand," from *posk-to-, Italic inchoative of PIE root *prek- "to ask questions." Use in logic dates from 1640s, borrowed from Medieval Latin.
fondue (n.)
1878, from French cooking term fondue "a cheese-pudding," literally "melted" (15c.), noun use of fem. of fondu, past-participle adjective from fondre "to melt," from Latin fundere (past participle fusus) "to melt, cast, pour out," from nasalized form of PIE root *gheu- "to pour."
