家长们,你们有没有想过,给孩子补英语,到底在补什么?别急,我来告诉你,初中英语不是随便找个家教讲讲作业那么简单。选错了老师,补了半天可能一点效果都没有。
首先,得看孩子的英语基础怎么样。不同的基础,学习方法和重点都不一样。如果孩子连七年级上册的单词都还没掌握,就急着让他做阅读和语法填空,那肯定是事倍功半。
我带学生,一定是先了解他们的英语基础和能力,然后有针对性、分阶段地提升。先搞定单词和语法,再教他们阅读题的应试技巧。
补英语,其实就是补四个大板块:基础、语法、阅读理解、写作。
基础要补什么?
初中7 - 9 年级课后单词表,这是构建英语知识大厦的基石,只有扎实掌握这些单词,才能在后续的学习中顺利进行。中考 1600 个高频常考词,这些词汇在中考中出现的频率极高,熟练记忆它们对于提高考试成绩至关重要。例如“communication(交流)”“environment(环境)”等词,在各类话题的阅读和写作中经常出现。100 组中考常考短语词组,像“look forward to(期待)”“be interested in(对……感兴趣)”,它们常常在各种题型中出现,无论是阅读、写作还是听力,都离不开对这些短语的理解与运用。199 组重要单词词性转换,这有助于学生在语法学习和写作中灵活运用词汇,使表达更加丰富多样。比如“success(名词)- succeed(动词)- successful(形容词)”的转换。
语法要补什么?词法和句法。
“十大单词词性”
即名词(如 book,表事物名称)、动词(如 run,表动作)、形容词(如 beautiful,修饰名词)、副词(如 quickly,修饰动词、形容词或其他副词)、代词(如 he,指代人或事物)、冠词(a/an 表泛指,the 表特指)、介词(如 in,表方位、时间等关系)、连词(如 and,连接词、短语或句子)、数词(如 one,表数量)、感叹词(如 oh,表情感),了解它们的用法和特点是理解句子结构的关键。
“四大句子种类”
包括陈述句(如:I like English. 我喜欢英语。用于陈述事实)、疑问句(一般疑问句如:Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?特殊疑问句如:What do you like? 你喜欢什么?用于提问)、祈使句(如:Open the door. 打开门。表命令、请求等)、感叹句(如:What a beautiful flower! 多么漂亮的一朵花!表达强烈情感),不同种类的句子有着不同的功能和表达方式。
“八大句子成分”
主谓宾定状补表同
主语是句子叙述的主体,如“I play basketball.”中的“I”;
谓语说明主语的动作或状态,此句中“play”就是谓语;
宾语是动作的对象,“basketball”为宾语。
定语用于修饰名词,如“a red flower”中的“red”;
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,例如“He runs fast.”中的“fast”;
补语补充说明宾语或主语的状态等,如“We made the room clean.”中的“clean”;
表语在系动词后,说明主语的特征等,如“She is happy.”中的“happy”;
同位语对前面的名词作进一步解释说明,如“Tom, my classmate, is very smart.”中的“my classmate”。
明确各个成分在句子中的角色,能够帮助学生准确理解句子含义并进行语法分析。
“十六种时态”
一般现在时(I often play football. 我经常踢足球。表示经常、习惯性动作或客观事实)、
一般过去时(I played football yesterday. 我昨天踢足球了。描述过去发生的动作)、
一般将来时(I will play football tomorrow. 我明天将踢足球。表示将来的动作或状态)、
现在进行时(I am playing football now. 我正在踢足球。强调此刻正在进行的动作)、
过去进行时(I was playing football at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我正在踢足球)、
将来进行时(I will be playing football at 8 p.m. tomorrow. 明天晚上 8 点我将正在踢足球)、
现在完成时(I have played football for three years. 我已经踢足球三年了。过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在)、
过去完成时(I had played football before I went to school. 在我上学之前我就已经踢过足球了。表示过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作)、
将来完成时(I will have played football for five years by next year. 到明年我将已经踢足球五年了)、
现在完成进行时(I have been playing football since 2020. 自 2020 年以来我一直在踢足球。强调动作从过去持续到现在且可能继续下去)、
过去完成进行时(I had been playing football for two hours when it started to rain. 开始下雨时我已经踢了两个小时足球了)、
将来完成进行时(I will have been playing football for six hours by 10 p.m. 到晚上 10 点我将已经踢了六个小时足球了)、
一般过去将来时(I said I would play football the next day. 我说过我第二天要踢足球。表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作)、
过去将来进行时(I knew he would be playing football at that time. 我知道他那时会正在踢足球)、
过去将来完成时(I thought he would have played football before he left. 我原以为他离开前会已经踢过足球了)、
过去将来完成进行时(I expected he would have been playing football for a long time. 我期望他会已经踢了很长时间足球了)。
时态的正确运用在英语交流和写作中起着决定性作用。学会划分句子成分,了解什么是“主谓宾定状补表同”,十大词性有哪些,句子成分和词性有什么联系,这对于深入学习语法规则和提高语言运用能力有着不可或缺的作用。
写作要补什么?
写作思路、如何结合题目要求写作,具体的选材、表达。提升写作不能光是“写”,一定要写后让专业的老师批改,指出你在写作中出现的逻辑和语法错误,这样才能有针对性地改进。同时,也需要孩子在日常做句型多样性的针对性训练,例如学习使用不同的句式结构来表达相同的意思,如陈述句与感叹句(He is a kind man. - What a kind man he is!)、主动语态与被动语态的转换(I clean the room. - The room is cleaned by me.),运用各种从句使文章更加丰富生动,从而提高写作水平,在考试中取得更好的成绩。
中考英语常见作文类型有以下几种:
-记叙文:
例如描写一次难忘的经历,像“An Unforgettable Trip”(一次难忘的旅行)。常考备考点在于事件的起因、经过和结果的清晰表述,需运用丰富的动词来描述动作细节,如描述旅行时用到“set off(出发)”“visit(参观)”“enjoy(欣赏)”等,还要注意正确使用时态,一般以过去时为主来叙述过去发生的事情。
-说明文:
如介绍某种传统文化或者科技产品,“The Importance of Traditional Chinese Festivals”(中国传统节日的重要性)。常考备考点是对说明对象的特征、性质、功能等方面进行准确且有条理的阐述,会用到大量的客观描述性词汇和短语,如介绍节日可能涉及“customs(习俗)”“symbolize(象征)”等,同时要运用合适的连接词,如“firstly(首先)”“secondly(其次)”“besides(此外)”等使文章层次分明。
-议论文:
比如“Should Middle School Students Use Mobile Phones at School?”(中学生在校是否应该使用手机?)。常考备考点为明确表达自己的观点,并用充分的论据进行支撑,论据可以是事实、数据或者名人名言等。在论证过程中,要运用不同的句型来增强说服力,如“On one hand... On the other hand...(一方面……另一方面……)”“In my opinion...(在我看来……)”等句式结构,同时注意论点与论据之间的逻辑关系要紧密。
在日常训练中,学生可以针对不同类型作文积累相关的词汇、短语和句型模板,并且多阅读优秀范文,学习他人的写作思路和表达方式,通过仿写、改写等方式不断提高自己的写作能力。
以下是一些中考英语作文的常考话题:
1.校园生活
如“My School Life”(我的学校生活),涵盖校园活动、师生关系、课程学习体验等方面。常涉及描述课堂互动“have a discussion in class(在课堂上讨论)”、参加社团活动“join the club(参加社团)”等表达,重点在于展现积极向上的校园氛围和个人成长感悟。
2.人物描写:
例如“My Best Friend”(我最好的朋友)。需要运用外貌描写词汇“big eyes(大眼睛)”“tall and slim(又高又瘦)”,性格刻画短语“be kind-hearted(心地善良)”“be humorous(幽默)”等,通过具体事例突出人物特点。
3.环境保护:
像“How to Protect the Environment”(如何保护环境)。常考词汇有“pollution(污染)”“recycle(回收利用)”“save energy(节约能源)”等,写作要点在于提出切实可行的环保措施以及呼吁大家提高环保意识。
4.兴趣爱好:
比如“My Hobby - Reading”(我的爱好——阅读)。会用到“be fond of(喜欢)”“spend time in doing sth.(花费时间做某事)”等短语,重点讲述爱好对自己的影响,如拓展知识“broaden one's knowledge”、放松身心“relax oneself”等。
主要中考英语作文类型的模板:
一、记叙文模板
开头:
Last [weekend/vacation/...], I had an unforgettable experience. It was a [sunny/rainy/...] day and I decided to [do something specific, like go to the park/visit a museum/...].
中间:
When I arrived at [destination], I saw [describe the scene or people there]. Then, I [started to do the main activities. For example, I played games with my friends/ watched the interesting exhibits...]. During this process, something [interesting/surprising/...] happened. [Describe the event in detail, including what people said and did].
结尾:
This experience made me feel [happy/excited/...]. I learned that [a lesson or a moral from the event]. It was really a great day and I will always remember it.
二、说明文模板(以介绍事物为例)
开头:
[The thing to be introduced, like a traditional festival/a famous place/...] is very popular and important. It has a long history and attracts many people.
中间:
First of all, [describe the basic features or origin of the thing. For a festival, mention when it started and what it is for. For a place, talk about its location and special scenery]. Secondly, [introduce the main activities or characteristics related to it. If it's a festival, list the typical customs and celebrations. If it's a place, mention the famous attractions there]. Moreover, [add other relevant details, such as the significance or the unique charm].
结尾:
In conclusion, [the thing] is not only a [description like cultural symbol/a tourist attraction...], but also a valuable part of our [culture/society...]. We should cherish and protect it so that more people can enjoy it in the future.
三、议论文模板(以讨论观点为例)
开头:
Recently, there has been a discussion about [the topic, like whether students should use mobile phones at school]. Different people have different opinions.
中间:
Some people think that [list one side's opinion and reasons. For example, they believe students can use mobile phones to search for information for study and communicate with parents easily]. However, others argue that [present the opposite side's view and reasons. Such as mobile phones may distract students from their studies and cause some bad behaviors]. In my opinion, [state your own view]. Firstly, [give your first reason to support your view]. Secondly, [provide the second reason].
结尾:
To sum up, although both sides have their reasons, I still think [restate your view]. We should find a balance to make sure that [the topic] can bring more benefits and less negative impacts.
常用的连接词和短语
1.表示顺序
-首先:firstly, first of all, to begin with, in the first place。例如:“Firstly, we should make a plan before we start.”(首先,我们在开始之前应该制定一个计划。)
-其次:secondly, next, then, in addition, moreover。例如:“Secondly, we need to collect more information. Moreover, we should analyze it carefully.”(其次,我们需要收集更多信息。此外,我们应该仔细分析它。)
-最后:finally, last but not least, in the end。例如:“Finally, we can draw a conclusion based on our research. Last but not least, we should review our work.”(最后,我们可以根据我们的研究得出结论。最后但同样重要的是,我们应该回顾我们的工作。)
2.表示因果
-因为:because, as, since。例如:“I didn't go to school because I was ill.”(我没去上学,因为我生病了。)
-所以:so, therefore, thus, as a result。例如:“I studied hard, so I got good grades.”(我努力学习,所以我取得了好成绩。)
3.表示转折
-但是:but, however, yet, while。例如:“He is rich but not happy.”(他很富有,但不开心。)“However, things didn't go as we expected.”(然而,事情没有像我们期望的那样发展。)
4.表示并列或递进
-和、并且:and, also, as well as, both…and…。例如:“I like reading and writing.”(我喜欢阅读和写作。)“She is smart as well as kind.”(她既聪明又善良。)
-不仅……而且……:not only…but also…。例如:“He is not only good at math but also excellent in English.”(他不仅擅长数学,而且英语也很好。)
5.表示举例
-例如:for example, for instance, such as。例如:“There are many fruits I like, such as apples, bananas and oranges. For example, an apple a day keeps the doctor away.”(我喜欢很多水果,如苹果、香蕉和橙子。例如,一天一苹果,医生远离我。)
6.表示总结
-总之、综上所述:in a word, in short, all in all, to sum up。例如:“In a word, we should work hard to achieve our goals.”(总之,我们应该努力工作以实现我们的目标。)“To sum up, it's a wonderful experience.”(综上所述,这是一次很棒的经历。)
高级词汇
1.表示“好”的词汇
- excellent:用于替换“good”或“great”,有“卓越的;杰出的”意思。例如:“He did an excellent job in the math competition.”(他在数学竞赛中表现得非常出色。)
- outstanding:意思是“突出的;显著的”。如:“She is an outstanding singer with a wonderful voice.”(她是一位嗓音动听、非常杰出的歌手。)
- remarkable:侧重于“值得注意的;非凡的”。例如:“The remarkable progress he has made in English is amazing.”(他在英语方面取得的非凡进步令人惊叹。)
2.表示“许多”的词汇
- numerous:比“many”更高级,指“众多的;许多的”。例如:“There are numerous books in the library.”(图书馆里有许多书。)
- a great deal of:用于修饰不可数名词,如:“A great deal of information can be found on the Internet.”(在互联网上可以找到大量的信息。)
- plentiful:表示“丰富的;充足的”,可以用于形容可数或不可数名词。例如:“We have a plentiful supply of food for the party.”(我们为聚会准备了充足的食物。)
3.表示“困难”的词汇
- challenging:相比“difficult”,更强调具有“挑战性的”。例如:“Climbing this mountain is a challenging task.”(攀登这座山是一项具有挑战性的任务。)
- arduous:意思是“艰巨的;费力的”。如:“The arduous journey tested their perseverance.”(艰难的旅程考验了他们的毅力。)
4.表示“认为”的词汇
- reckon:用于替换“think”,有“认为;估计”的意思。例如:“I reckon that it's a good opportunity for us.”(我认为这对我们来说是个好机会。)
- contemplate:更侧重于“深思;细想;考虑”。例如:“He contemplated the problem from different angles.”(他从不同的角度思考这个问题。)
高级句型
1.强调句型
- It is/was +被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分。例如:“It was my mother who encouraged me to keep going when I wanted to give up.”(当我想放弃的时候,是我的母亲鼓励我继续前进。)
2.定语从句
-先行词(名词或代词)+ 关系词(who/which/that/whose等)+ 从句。例如:“I like books that/which are educational and interesting.”(我喜欢有教育意义且有趣的书。)“The boy whose father is a scientist is my best friend.”(那个父亲是科学家的男孩是我最好的朋友。)
3.宾语从句
-主语 + 谓语 + (that/if/whether/特殊疑问词)+ 从句。例如:“I believe that hard work pays off.”(我相信努力工作会有回报。)“I don't know whether/if he will come.”(我不知道他是否会来。)“Can you tell me where the post office is?”(你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗?)
4.倒装句
-部分倒装:Only + 状语(从句)+ 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形。例如:“Only in this way can we solve the problem.”(只有这样我们才能解决这个问题。)
-完全倒装:表方位的副词(here/there/up/down等)或介词短语放在句首,句子要完全倒装。例如:“Here comes the bus.”(公共汽车来了。)“On the wall hangs a beautiful picture.”(墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。)
5.非谓语动词作状语
-动词不定式(to do)、现在分词(-ing)、过去分词(-ed)作状语。例如:“To get good grades, he studies hard every day.”(为了取得好成绩,他每天都努力学习。)“Walking in the park, I saw a beautiful flower.”(在公园散步的时候,我看到了一朵漂亮的花。)“Given more time, I could do it better.”(如果给我更多的时间,我可以做得更好。)
常用谚语
1.关于勤奋努力
- “No pains, no gains.”(没有付出就没有收获。)
- “Diligence is the mother of success.”(勤奋是成功之母。)
2.关于友谊
- “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”(患难见真情。)
- “True friendship lasts forever.”(真正的友谊地久天长。)
3.关于时间管理
- “Time and tide wait for no man.”(时不我待。)
- “Lost time is never found again.”(岁月既往,一去不回。)
4.关于知识学习
- “Knowledge is power.”(知识就是力量。)
- “Reading makes a full man.”(读书使人充实。)
5.关于坚持
- “Where there is a will, there is a way.”(有志者事竟成。)
- “Never say die.”(永不言败。)
6.关于诚信
- “Honesty is the best policy.”(诚实为上策。)
- “Be true to your word.”(言出必行。)
一篇中考范文
学做好人好事
In our daily lives, we should actively learn to do good deeds. One day, I was on my way home from school when I saw an old woman struggling to cross the street. There were many cars and bicycles passing by, and it was very dangerous for her.
I quickly walked up to her and said, "Grandma, let me help you." She looked at me with a grateful smile. I held her arm carefully and led her across the street slowly. When we reached the other side, the old woman thanked me again and again. She said, "You are such a kind child. May you be happy every day." I replied, "It's my pleasure. You should be careful when you go out alone."
Doing this small good deed made me feel extremely happy. It not only helped the old woman but also made me understand that a little kindness can bring warmth and happiness to others. We should always be ready to do good deeds and make our society a more harmonious and beautiful place.