参考资料：
选取ROI
Back Projection
给出ROI的直方图分布，主要要归一化，把每个柱子当作对应强度出现的概率，然后在测试图像中，每个像素点的强度去查询前面的概率（0~1），然后作为新图像的强度（也可以乘以255得到整形强度值）。
程序流程，BGR->HSV->Hue
然后取出ROI进行生成直方图数据
然后再backproject在整个Hue上面。
程序运行后，框一个框，然后回车或者是空格。
对魔方的识别还不是很好，每种颜色都要自定义一些参数，然后会有稍微一些混淆。肤色识别的很好。
代码：
string windowName = "back project";
const int maxSlideValue = 255;
int slideValue;
Mat src, hsv, hue, ROI, hist, imBackProject;
int threashold = 10;
int histSize = 10;
void on_trackbar1(int slideValue, void* imBackProject){
threashold = slideValue;
//分析ROI的直方图分布
float hue_range[] = { 0, 255 };
const float* ranges = { hue_range };
calcHist(&ROI, 1, 0, Mat(), hist, 1, &histSize, &ranges);
normalize(hist, hist, 0, 255, NORM_MINMAX);
calcBackProject(&hue, 1, 0, hist, *(Mat *)imBackProject, &ranges, 1, true);
Mat imBackProject2;
threshold(*(Mat *)imBackProject, imBackProject2, threashold, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
imshow(windowName, imBackProject2);
}
void on_trackbar2(int slideValue, void* imBackProject) {
histSize = max(slideValue,2);
//分析ROI的直方图分布
float hue_range[] = { 0, 255 };
const float* ranges = { hue_range };
calcHist(&ROI, 1, 0, Mat(), hist, 1, &histSize, &ranges);
normalize(hist, hist, 0, 255, NORM_MINMAX);
calcBackProject(&hue, 1, 0, hist, *(Mat *)imBackProject, &ranges, 1, true);
Mat imBackProject2;
threshold(*(Mat *)imBackProject, imBackProject2, threashold, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
imshow(windowName, imBackProject2);
}
int main() {
//转化为HSV
//src = imread("4cube.png");
src = imread("hands.jpg");
cvtColor(src, hsv, COLOR_BGR2HSV);
hue.create(hsv.size(), hsv.depth());
int ch[] = { 0, 0 };
mixChannels(&hsv, 1, &hue, 1, ch, 1);
//while (1) {
//选出ROI
Rect r = selectROI(src);
ROI = hue(r);
namedWindow(windowName);
createTrackbar("阈值化的阈值", windowName, &slideValue, maxSlideValue, on_trackbar1, &imBackProject);
createTrackbar("直方图纵轴个数", windowName, &slideValue, maxSlideValue, on_trackbar2, &imBackProject);
on_trackbar1(threashold, &imBackProject);
on_trackbar2(histSize, &imBackProject);
//threshold(imBackProject, imBackProject, 30, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
//imshow(windowName, imBackProject);
//}
END:
waitKey(0);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
