Could miniature forests help air-condition cities?
微型森林会有助于调节城市的空气吗?
City air is in a sorry state. It is dirty and hot. A possible answer to the twin problems of pollution and heat is trees. To cool an area effectively, though, trees must be planted in quantity. Unfortunately, not all cities are blessed with parks or even ornamental street trees in sufficient numbers.
城市的空气非常糟糕,又脏又热。对于空气污染和高温这两个紧密相关的问题,种树可能是一种解决方法。不过,为了能有效地给一个地区降温,必须大量种植树木。不幸的是,并不是所有的城市都那么幸运,能够建设公园,有些城市甚至都没有足够数量的装饰性行道树。
One group of botanists believe they have at least a partial solution to this lack of urban vegetation. It is to plant miniature simulacra of natural forests, ecologically engineered for rapid growth. Over the course of a career that began in the 1950s their leader, Miyawaki Akira, a plant ecologist, has developed a way to do this starting with even the most unpromising derelict areas.
一个植物学家小组认为,他们找到了解决城市缺乏植被问题的办法——至少找到了解决这一问题的部分办法。那就是模拟天然森林,种植一片微型森林;经过生态工程改造,让(人工种植的微型森林)可以快速生长。这组植物学家的组长是植物生态学家宫协昭,他的职业生涯从 20 世纪 50 年代发展至今。期间,他发明了一种可以在城市中种植微型森林的方法,即使是在最没有希望的废弃地区也可以成功种植。
Dr Miyawaki's insight was to deconstruct and rebuild the process of ecological succession. The Miyawaki method skips some of the early phases and jumps directly to planting the kinds of species found in a mature wood.
宫协博士的洞见是,通过解构和重建生态演替过程来种植微型森林。“宫协造林法”跳过了一些早期阶段,直接跳到种植那些能够在成林中找到的品种这一步骤。
Dr Miyawaki has supervised the planting of more than 1,500 of these miniature forests, first in Japan, then in other parts of the world. Miyawaki forests can be customised to local requirements. A popular choice is to include more fruit trees than a natural forest might support.
宫协博士指导了超过 1500 个这样的微型森林种植项目,首先是在日本,然后发展到了世界上的其它地区。宫协森林可以根据当地的需求进行定制。一个流行的定制选择是,在微型森林中种植果树,数量比天然森林中能够生长出来的果树更多。
What pomologists offer looks like a modern version of the 19th-century movements that brought city parks and their associated health benefits to the industrialising West. The purpose is the same as before — to introduce rus in urbe.
果树专家提供的方案看起来像是 19 世纪某些运动的现代版本,那些运动为工业化的西方国家带去了城市公园,以及与之相关联的健康裨益。这个方案的目的也和以前一样——在城市中引入乡村生态。
If your goal is to better your immediate locale — and maybe to grow a few guava on the side — then Dr Miyawaki might well be your man.
如果你的目标是改善你附近的居住环境,或者是想在旁边种植一些番石榴,那么宫协博士很可能就是你要找的人。
主编:尹岚、Seika
品控:木子
审核:桃子
重点词汇
miniature
/ˈmɪn.i.ə.tʃɚ/
adj. 微型的
搭配短语:a miniature camera
air-condition
/ˈɛrkənˌdɪʃən/
v. 调节空气;给......安装空调
相关词汇:air-conditioning(n. 空气调节系统;空调)
相关词汇:air(n. 空气)
相关词汇:condition(v. 影响)
缩写:AC, a/c
相关词汇:air-conditioned(adj. 装有空调的)
搭配短语:air-conditioned offices
搭配短语:to air-condition a building
in a sorry state
情况糟糕
相关词汇:state(n. 情况)
相关词汇:sorry(adj. 很糟的,可怜的)
例句:Many businesses were in a sorry state after the breakout of Covid-19.
in quantity
大量地
例句:It's a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity.
bless
/bles/
v. 祝福,保佑
文化拓展:英文国家有种习俗,如果有人打喷嚏,就要对他说一句“Bless you!”,意为“保佑你!”,以此来表达关心和祝福。
搭配短语:be blessed with sth.
例句:We are blessed with good health.
ornamental
/ˌɔːr.nəˈmen.t̬əl/
adj. 装饰性的
近义词:decorative
例句:The zippers are purely ornamental.
botanist
/ˈbɑː.t̬ən.ɪst/
n. 植物学家
相关词汇:botany(n. 植物学)
simulacrum
/ˌsɪm.jəˈleɪ.krəm/
n. 模拟物
补充:复数形式是 simulacra。
英文释义:something that is made to look like another thing
ecologically
/ˌiː.kəˈlɑː.dʒɪ.kəl.i/
adv. 生态地
相关词汇:ecology(n. 生态学)
over the course of
在......期间
相关词汇:course(n. 时期;过程)
同义短语:during / in / throughout the course of
搭配短语:over / in the course of time(随着时间的推移,总有一天)
例句:Things will get better in the course of time.
unpromising
/ʌnˈprɑː.mɪ.sɪŋ/
adj. 没有前途的,不乐观的
反义词:promising(adj. 有希望的,有前途的)
例句:It is a rather unpromising start to a holiday.
derelict
/ˈder.ə.lɪkt/
adj. 废弃的,年久失修的
近义词:abandoned
搭配短语:a derelict theatre
搭配短语:a derelict ship
insight
/ˈɪn.saɪt/
n. 洞察,洞见
相关词汇:sight(n. 看见)
英文释义:a deep understanding of something
搭配短语:an insight into sth.
例句:His article gives us real insights into the pandemic.
deconstruct
/ˌdiː.kənˈstrʌkt/
v. 解构,拆解
相关词汇:construct(v. 建筑;构建)
词根词缀:de-(表示否定)
搭配短语:to deconstruct a text
succession
/səkˈseʃ.ən/
n. 演替;连续,顺序
文化拓展:生态学上的“演替”,指的是一些物种侵入后,逐渐改变环境,取代原来物种的过程。
supervise
/ˈsuː.pɚ.vaɪz/
v. 监督,指导
搭配短语:to supervise a research
customise
/ˈkʌs.tə.maɪz/
v. 定制,定做
相关词汇:customer(n. 顾客)
搭配短语:to customize a plan
相关词汇:individualize(v. 使个性化)
派生词:individualized(adj. 个性化的)
搭配短语:individualized teaching(因材施教)
pomologist
\pōˈmäləjə̇st\
n. 果树学家
相关词汇:pomology(n. 果树栽培学)
associated
/əˈsoʊ.si.eɪ.t̬ɪd/
adj. 相关的,有关的
相关词汇:associate(v. 与......有关)
搭配短语:be associated with sth.
例句:Smoking is associated with cancer.
industrialise
/ɪnˈdʌs.tri.ə.laɪz/
v. 工业化
英文释义:to develop industry
immediate
/ɪˈmiː.di.ət/
adj. 邻近的;立刻的;直系的
搭配短语:immediate family
搭配短语:the immediate area
locale
/ləˈkɑːl/
n. 场所,地点
相关词汇:local(adj. 当地的)
搭配短语:the locale of a crime
搭配短语:the locale for the wedding
might well
很可能
例句:What you say might well be true.
相关词汇:might as well
例句:I might as well stay at home.