@TOC

一、满分句型

1. 简单句

1.1 被动句

用于概述图表的中心思想，可用在第一段的最后一句话。或者第三段的第一句话，文章总结时使用.
例句：信心被认为很重要、父母应该被孩子孝敬、污染应该被人们重视

1.1.1 什么时候用被动

当汉语中出现我们人们、大家、有人等人称代词作为主语时都可以考虑被动
例句: parents should be respected by us。

作文必备词汇替换

• parents：

  • superiors 上级和长辈
  • the elderly 老人
  • senior citizens 父母长辈

• should

  • ought to
  • be supposed to 应该
  • be obliged to 有责任有义务

• we us people (泛指的人)

  • human beings
  • the public 公众
  • private individuals

• you people
  没有特指的人
  单数one 复试those

• 具体的人

  • teenagers and youngsters 年轻人
  • undergraduates 大学生
  • youngsters on campus 大学生
  • children kids offspring descendants 孩子
  • businessmen 商人
  • experts and professors 专家和教授
  • All children and adults 所有人 孩子和成年人
  • men and women in all walks 各行各业的人
  • customs 消费者

例句：○ Celebrities（名人） should not be pursued（追求） by teengers and youngsters. 年轻人不应该盲目追星
关键词替换：

• not
  • never
  • by no means
  • under no circumstances（环境）
    上面三个单词直接替换not
  • fail to 失败，表示否定； I fail to be a teacher 我不是一个老师

例句：Environmental contamination is thought very serious by an increasing amount of experts and professors.
环境污染越来越被人们重视
关键词替换：

• think: 认为

  • argue insist presume

  • assume hold contend maintain assert claim

  • be of the opinion that

  • have been convinced that

  • cling to the perspective that

• very ：非常

  • pretty quite rather 一般词
  • strikingly distinctly outstandingly exceedingly especially extraordinarily enormously

• serious ：严重的

  • be of great severity be of+抽象名词
  • grave severe fearful fatal

1.2 there be句型的变形(exist seem remain) 单复数取决于there be后面的词

(可用于第二段的第一句话，引出原因的句子,或第三段的最后一句话喊口号)

• there exist many reasons to explain my idea.

• many

  • a sea of、a host of、 a multitude of、 a train of(一车皮)、 an army of(一排，一军队)
  • immense amounts of
  • numerous
  • abundant
  • plentiful
  • innumerable

• reason

  • causes
  • factors
  • elements

• explain 解释,产生导致致使

  • give rise to
  • be responsible for
  • contribute to
  • lead to

• idea 观点

  • point
  • viewpoint
  • perspective
  • outlook

eg: more and more people think that… = there is(remains) a growing worldwide awareness around the world that…

• there is strong evidence to show that
• there is absolutely no reason for us to believe that a brighter future for the world is an impossibility
  双重否定表肯定
• there is little doubt that
• there are those who claim that

1.3 比较结构（必要有形容词副词就可以用比喻）

推荐第一段的第一句话，引出文章中心或第三段的第一句话，文章总结
某某很重要，某某很严重
as……as……

• she is as beautiful（ugly） as a red rose, which manages to(能够) take away the breath of sea of children and adults.
  这么长一句话就表达一个简单的意思：她很漂亮

• be （用助动词时不能替换：比如被动和现在进行时）

  • look
  • feel
  • 各种感官动词
  • seem 似乎
  • appear 出现，显得
  • keep remain 保持
  • become get 变得
  • prove 证明 保持

• beautiful

• graceful

• elegant 优雅的

• attractive 诱人的

• charming 吸引人的

• gorgeous 美丽动人，最高境界的美

eg: confidence proves as important as sunshine，which plays an essential role in the normal growth of all creatures.
自信很重要（像阳光对生物一样）

• important 重要的（文章主题，某某很重要）
  • fundamental
  • significant
  • essential
  • indispensable
  • play a key role in sth
  • be of great importance

○ Sth becomes as grave as AIDS(cancer typhoon), while has threatened the health of patients or taken away their lives.

1.4 the +形容词/副词 比较级+句子，the+the 形容词/副词 比较级+句子。

（主将从现）the more …… the more …… 越 越
用于第二段，分析原因使用

• 没有特指的人，单数one those
• The higher one ascends(上升) the farther he will overlook.
  站得高，看的远
  farther 真实距离远 further 抽象的远
• The more diligent(勤奋的，努力的) one keeps（只要句子意思完整但缺谓语就用be动词，之后be替换高级词），the more easily（副词） he will achieve gloriers。
  越努力越容易取得成功。
  glory荣耀
  （多音节加more most单音节加er，est，双音节部分加er）
• The harder all children and adults remain, the more fortunate（句子中是系动词，此处用形容词，如果句子中，此处用副词） they will become. 越努力越幸运
• The more frequently culture exchange，the more rapidly Chinese economy will develop。
• The more frequently cultures are exchanged，the more rapidly Chinese economy will develop.
  被动且名词不可单独使用要么加冠词要么加复数

2 复合句

• 并列句
• 名词性从句
• 定语从句
• 状语从句

2.1 并列句

一幅图/一个主体（群体），两个动作。一幅图两个主体，两个动作。两幅图，不区分主体和动作。
图画：现在进行时。图表：一般过去时。
并列句用于描述一个图，两个主体两个动作使用。或者两幅图使用。

• and

  • likewise
  • similarly
  • equally
  • at the same time
  • in the meanwhile
  • as well as 不能连接句子，连接两个同性词

• but

  • conversely
  • by contrast
  • on the contrary
  • contrarily
  • unexpectedly
  • unfortunately
  • nevertheless

• In the picture，the goal-keeper is imagining himself exceedingly small. on the contrary, the player is assuming his rival as big as a hill. 没定语状语，不够优秀
  图中，守门员想象他特别小，相反，运动员认为（假定）他像山一样大

• In the former picture, the flower in the greenhouse is growing healthily. Conversely, in the latter one, it is dying.
  前面的图，在温室中的花健康，相反，后面的奄奄一息。

• picture

  • cartoon
  • drawing
  • painting
  • caricature 夸张漫画
  • photograph 照片

not only……but also 位置和汉语一样, 但倒转更优雅。
本句型写作第二段分析原因的位置。

• Raising pets can reduce the lonliness of senior citizens.
  养宠物减少老人孤单

• raising pets can cultivate the kindness of kids.
  养宠物培养孩子爱心

• Raising pets not only can reduce the lonliness of senior citizens, but also can cultivate the kindness of kids.

• Supporting the elderly(孝敬父母) keeps (is) a chinese conventional virtue but also proves (is) the legal responsibility of their offspring.

• Cooperation not only enables(使) all children and adults to make more intimate（亲密的）friends but also has（使）them achieve greater credits(表扬，荣誉荣耀成就).
  xxx不但能使我们交到更多朋友，而且还能帮我们取得更大的成功.

2.2名词性从句

• 主语从句 Is …… that …… 第一段描述图表，第二段表观点，第三段喊口号。
  可用于任何一句话前拉长句子，推荐写在第一段第一句话引出图画图表。

• (that you never fail to fascinate me) is obvious. 我爱你（你从来没有失败(总是能)吸引（迷住）我）是显而易见的

• It is obvious that you never fail to fascinate me. 我爱你是显而易见的

• 下面记两句即可

  • It proves common knowledge(常识) that …… 显然
  • It keeps my perspective that …… 我的观点是，我认为
  • It has been found that …… 被发现，显而易见
  • It seems beyond dispute（争论辩论） that …… 无可争论
  • It is universally acknowledged(承认) that ……
  • It has been widely accepted that ……

• 更好的主语从句变体是是把It变成What 在that前加is，主语从句+that表示的表语从句

  • What proves common knowledge(常识) is that …… 显然
  • What keeps my perspective is that …… 我的观点是，我认为
  • What has been found is that …… 被发现，显而易见
  • What seems beyond dispute（争论辩论）is that …… 无可争论
  • What is universally acknowledged(承认) is that ……
  • What has been widely accepted is that ……

• 同位语和同位语从句

  • 只要在作文中见到名词，都可以再加一个名词做一个同位语. 写作时名词做同位语一个句子最多加一个，整篇文章最多出现两次。

• 名词做同位语

  • My boyfriend _ really has no much time to accompany me _ .
    a rich businessman
    an attractive girl
  • A man, a soccer(足球) fan, is writing the name , a symbol ,of Beckham , an esteemed sportsman, on his face , some part of the body.
    上句是反例也是例句，例句表明任何名词都很容易加同位语。但不可加太多。

• 同位语从句 本句型推荐写作作文的第二段分析原因时使用

  • The evidence that + 原因+ manifests that + 文章中心句

  • The evidence (fact) [that she has a pair of big eyes] manifests [that she keeps a beauty].
    她长着一副大眼睛表明她是一个美女。 同位语+宾语从句

  • The evidence that a host of girls have worn beautiful colorful skirts manifestis that summer is around the corner.
    许多女生穿着裙子表明夏天已经来了。
    女人 girl或lady 不要用woman

  • The evidence that bright stars and pure moonlights fail to be detected manifests that environmental contamination(污染) is becoming increasingly fatal.
    我们再也看不到星星和月光表明环境正在恶化

  • The evidence that farmers can enjoy high-quality life that manifests that most them would like to swarm into(涌入) big cities.
    农民可以享受高质量生活表明，大多数农民都愿意涌入大城市。

2.3 定语和定语从句

1、形容词做定语 2、名词修饰名词 3、介词短语作定语 4、非谓语动词作定语 5、从句作定语

I love you
beautiful 定语如果只有一个单词放在名词前，多个单词放在名词后
on the platform(讲台)
the daughter of you.
enjoying singing songs.
who keeps a teacher for years.

• 只要在作文中见到名词，都可以加定语从句。但是在第一段描述图画时只要见到名词就要加定语，使图画更生动，图表不加定义

• An American girl young as well as graceful is wearing Chinese conventional costume(传统服装) which keeps pervasive(普遍的流行的) in the south of china.
  一个年轻漂亮的美国小女孩穿着中国服饰

• immense amounts of children and adults sitting in seperate rooms are surfing on the internet.

万能定语

• as well as连接以下任意两个单词

• 万能的好

  • cute ; lovely
  • little
  • graceful ; elegant ; young
  • confident ； energetic(精力充沛)
  • enthusiasm ； passionate 积极的
  • optimistic ； active 乐观的
  • aggressive ； ambitious 有追求的
  • who looks distinctly impressive to reader 给人留下深刻印象

• 万能的坏

  • fat（骂人的胖） cruel（残忍的） ugly（丑陋的）
  • negative(消极，否定) dispassioned（不积极消极）
  • terrible disgusting
  • disgraceful
  • who looks rather less impressive to reader 不能给人留下深刻印象的

定义满分表达:which引导修饰整个句子的从句，用于任何陈述句的后面

• He looks like a lady-killer(色狼), which has been widely accepted.

• 推荐写在某个短的原因，拉长句子

  • Which leaves us adeep impression
  • Which provokes the public’s widespread concerns
  • Which brings us the unnecessary/unexpected trouble
  • which gives rise to dreadful consequences.

2.4 状语和状语从句

状语更容易加，比定语方便，任何一句话皆可加状语,状语可以加在状语的任何位置。第一段图画或图表必须加状语，使完整

• we are having class,
  描述原因的万能状语
• in the center the vivid picture, 在这个生动的图片的中央
  表示原因的万能状语，写在原因的主谓之间,做插入语使用
  • as every one can see it
  • with the rapid advance of science and technology ，随着科学技术的进步
  • in our contemporary society 在当今社会
  • in the general routine of everyday living 在我们日常生活中

状从的满分表达：

1. 让步状语从句，用于转折，可以用于任何位置，矛盾的普遍性，但是推荐写在原因分析时使用

• although

• pursuing celebrities blindly might exert great influence on physical and mental health of youngsters on campus althought their singing sounds touching
  盲目追星 带来严重影响 给大学生的身心健康，尽管他们的歌声动人

• private individuals from developing nations are becoming increasingly wealthy although ?
  来自发达国家的 人们 越来越富有 尽管

• although引导的万能状语

• although many people fail to pay attention to the issue.
  虽然很多人没有注意到这个问题

• pay attention to 关注、重视的替换

  • pour attention to
  • place great emphasis on
  • attach great importance to
  • shed light on
  • focus on

• issue的替换

  • problem问题
  • phenomenon 现象
  • subject 话题 主题
  • the current situation 现状

2. so …… that …… 只要出现 形容词, 副词皆可用so that，推荐用在第一段最后一句话引出文章中心使用，或第三段的第一句话文章总结

• life proves so short that it is a waste how to spend it.
  生命是如此短暂 以至于如何度过都是浪费

• Sth. keeps（becomes） so vital that the problem should have been brought into the limelight. 万能that，表达重要
  它是如此的重要，以至于它早就放在聚光灯下

3. 分词做状语，插入主谓之间作为插入语【本句型推荐写在第一段，一幅图一个主体两个动作时使用】

• Sb. , doing 次要动作 +（定/状），is doing 主要动作+（定/状）

• I hate you, I will kill you. 错误表达，一句话不能用两句

• I hating you, I will kill you. 非谓语动词的主语和谓语的主语相同，应省略主语

• Hating you, I will kill you. 我，讨厌你，所以我将杀掉你

• I, hating you, will kill you.

• 终点又是新起点 一幅图一个主体，必须两个动作，先写次要动作

  • A boy is smiling, a boy is rushing to the destination.
  • smiling, a boy is rushing to the destination.
  • A boy confident as well as vigorous(自信和充满活力), smiling in the center of the vivid cartoon（状语）, is rushing to the destination which becomes a new start.
    一个自信而且充满活力的小男孩，微笑的站在卡通的中央，冲向终点，这个终点又是起点

• 文化火锅

  • The hotpot delicious as well as healthy , smoking in the center of the vivid cartoon, is full of cultures from different nation in the world.
    营养美味的火锅，在图画的中央冒烟，充满了给自各国的文化

• 状语满分表达总结although，so……that……，分词做状语
  • 简单句
  • 并列句
  • 复合句满分表达
    • 主语
    • 同位语和同位语从句
    • 定语和定语从句
    • 状语和状语从句

3. 特殊结构

插入语 （本句型推荐写在第一段的最后一句话，第二段的第一句话，第三段的第一句话中某一处，必须要让阅卷人看到）

• 万能插入语，可以插入任何一句话的主谓之间

• 双重否定
  ○ never fail to 表示就是，没有实际意义，强调谓语，可以写在任何一个肯定句中间。推荐使用位置同插入语

• 强调句型 作文中所有句子都能用强调句型，推荐位置同上

  • It is …… that ……
  • I love the girl in the restaurant. 我在饭店爱上了这个女孩
    强调谁就把谁放在It is后面，除了谓语
  • It is in the restaurant that I love the girl.
  • There exist numerous facts here to account for the phenomenon.
    有很多原因可以解释这种现象
  • Tt is to account for the phenomenon that there exist numerous facts here.
  • It is numerous facts that there exist here to account for the phenomenon.

修辞

• 比喻 本句型推荐写在第一段的最后一句话用于引出文章中心 或者第三段第一句话文章总结

• 重要

  • Sth proves to 人 as solid foudation is on high skyscrapers.
    某某很重要，像地基对于高楼
  • as the infinite blue sky is to flying eagles 无限蓝天对于雄鹰

• 严重

  • as intensive pain is to incurably ill patients.
    就像剧烈的疼痛对于不可治愈的病人
  • as horrible nightmares are to innocent kids.
    就像可怕的噩梦对于无辜的孩子

• 排比

  • 两个词即可排比
  • Action is supposed to be adopted(措施应该被采取了) quickly, effectively and actively.

• 改强调

  • It is Action that is supposed to be adopted quickly, effectively and actively.

• 本句型写在最后一段最后一句喊口号

• We were in the midst of shock—but we acted. We acted quickly, boldly, decisively.
  我们中处在问题（危机）中，但是我们行动了，我们必须大胆行动

4 虚拟语气

• 写原因：1.为什么重要 2.为什么重要 3.如果不这么做
  推荐写在作文最后一句话，反面论证。或第三段的第一句话文章总结
  if虚拟语气，主将从现，改成过去式

• If every one of teenager and youngster abandon themselves himself to surfing on the internet, [they he will pay a heavy price(cost) in the near future. ]
  如果年轻人沉溺于网络，他不就将付出代价

• If every one of teenager and youngster abandoned himself to surfing on the internet, [he would pay a heavy price(huge cost) in the near future. ]

• If every university student were indulged in surfing on the internet, it would be hard for them to graduate smoothly.
  如果大学生沉溺于网络，他将不能顺利毕业

• 沉溺于

  • be addicted to
  • abandon oneself to
  • be indulged in

• It is imperative(紧急)/essential/urgent that 本句型推荐写在第三段具体措施

  • 那很重要
  • It is urgent that kids should be educated/inspired to 主题
    孩子应该教育做……是很紧急的。

5 倒装

一般疑问句就是倒装

• 否定词放在句首，是倒装

  • I am never a woman tough and outgoing.
  • never am I a woman tough and outgoing.

• not only ……but also 倒装,not only +助动词提前

  • He not only looks poor but also in fact is poor in her mind.
    他不但看起来贫穷而且思想匮乏。

• Respecting parents keeps not only Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the duty of their offspring.
  孝敬父母不仅是中华民族传统美德，还是子女的义务

  • not only does Respecting parents keep Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the duty of their offspring.

• Confidence not only can make you find more happiness in you life but also can have you make more friends.
  自信不仅让人快乐还能让人交更多朋友。
  *Not only can confidence make you find more happiness in you life but also can have you make more friends.

• so ……that……倒装,形容词副词皆可so that，so that皆可倒装

  • my ma is so kind that she will never kill an ant.

  • so kind is my ma that she will never kill an ant.
    so提前变一般疑问句。

  • 我母亲如此善良以至于从没杀过蚂蚁。
    I am so delighted that I cannot help laughing at midnight.

  • 我是如此的高兴，我情不自禁的笑了
    so delighted am I that I cannot help laughing at midnight.

• Sth. keeps so significant/fearful that the issue should have been brought into the limelight.

• so significant does Sth. keep that the issue should have been brought into the limelight.
  某事如此重要，以至于这个问题应该被关注(带到聚光灯下)。

• only+状语放在句首倒装

  • the common can the common lead a happy and comfortable life only when the issue can be improved a lot.

  • only when the issue can be improved a lot can the common lead a happy and comfortable life.
    只有这个问题改善，人们才能安居乐业

  • only by taking those action can the issue be improved a lot.
    只有采取这个措施，这个问题才能改善

二、行文思路

写作不需要构思

段落

1. 定义和解释
   好事中国传统美德，坏的世界普遍问题
   Supporting the elderly is a Chinese conventional virtue which means that
   we cook for them, we buy gifts for them and we wash feet for them
   when they become gradually (increasingly) old.
   模板：A is B which means that +三个并列的简单句排比，when+时间状语从句
   B:可以用
   a Chinese traditional virtue
   a social pervasive trend 社会普遍趋势
   an active /negative mentality 一个积极/消极的心态
   a hot social topic
   污染是一个全球话题，呼吸不到干净的空气，看步到蓝天，喝不到健康的水

2.统计和事实 p11
In
3.引用名人名言 p12

4、举例
小例子：such as
大例子：for example 替换

举例时注意事项
1、时态一般过去式
2、注意逻辑关系词的使用
3、一定要单词正确

5、反面论证
就是前面的if虚拟语气

原因分析9选3，四种论证方式，五个句型

文章写法
图画作文

大作文

What may account for this phenomenon are distinctly likely to be asked.

万能理由：思想观念
万能理由：经济发展