配置django-cors-headers实现跨域请求支持

INSTALLED_APPS = 'corsheaders'

CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
# CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIS = ('www.abc.com')
# get只读
CORS_ORIGIN_METHODS = ('GET','POST','PUT')

ROOT_URLCONF = 'carsearch2.urls'

RESTful

RESTful架构到底解决了什么问题？（URL具有自描述性、资源表述与视图的解耦和、互操作性利用构建微服务以及集成第三方系统、无状态性提高水平扩展能力）

安装djangorestfrmework

pip install djangorestframework

创建 api/

配置drf settings。

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    
    'rest_framework',
    
]

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # 配置默认页面大小
    'PAGE_SIZE': 10,
    # 配置默认的分页类
    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
   
}

编写序列化器
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework import serializers

from record.models import Car, Record

class CarSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

"""汽车序列化器"""

class Meta:
    model = Car
    fields = '__all__'

class CarSimpleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

class Meta:
    model = Car
    fields = ('carno', 'owner')

class RecordSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

"""违章记录序列化器"""
makedate = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
car = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

@staticmethod
def get_makedate(record):
    return record.makedate.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')

@staticmethod
def get_car(record):
    return CarSimpleSerializer(record.car).data

class Meta:
    model = Record
    fields = '__all__'

在record/views 中编写主页视图函数

from django.shortcuts import render

def index(request):

"""首页"""
return render(request, 'index.html')

api/views 编写视图函数视图集合

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, ListAPIView, ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveAPIView
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet,ReadOnlyModelViewSet

from record.models import Car, Record
from api.serializers import CarSerializer, RecordSerializer

def normalize(carno):

"""规范化车牌号"""
return carno.replace(' ', '').upper()

class DestroryAPIView(object):

pass

自定义视图集合继承APIVIEW类，灵活查多个 GET POST

class CarView(RetrieveAPIView,ListCreateAPIView):

"""汽车视图集合"""
# 获取car所有对象
queryset = Car.objects.all()
# 使用汽车序列化器
serializer_class = CarSerializer
# 分页类
pagination_class = None

定义get查询方法

def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

查单个pk参数

    if 'pk' in kwargs:
        return RetrieveAPIView.get(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
    return ListCreateAPIView.get(self, request, *args, **kwargs)

查多个

使用装饰器，修改和查多个record记录

@method_decorator(decorator=cache_page(timeout=300, cache='default'),name='retrieve')
@method_decorator(decorator=cache_page(timeout=300, cache='default'),name='list')
class RecordViewSet(ModelViewSet):

"""违章记录视图集合"""
queryset = Record.objects.all().select_related('car')
serializer_class = RecordSerializer

url中创建router对象，并注册视图集

from django.urls import path
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from api.views import CarView, RecordViewSet

car单独映射，int查单个传入pk参数

urlpatterns = [

path('cars/',CarView.as_view()),
path('cars/<int:pk>/',CarView.as_view())

]

注册视图集

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register('records', RecordViewSet)
urlpatterns += router.urls

在carsearch2/urls中映射api/包含api里的urls

映射主页

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from record import views