一、连接词的功能：连接单字、片语或子句
例：1. Splendid! The dancers splayed and did the splits. (太棒了！舞者们展开双臂，做了劈叉的动作)
2. Do you write with your right hand or your left hand? (你是用右手写字还是左手写字？)
3. I always rely on him when I am in trouble. (我遇到困难时总是依赖他)
二、连接词的种类
1. 对等连接词：连接同词性的单字、片语或子句
(1) and(和、并且、那么)
例：1. Being a college student and studying at college are two different things. (当个大学生和在大学求学是两回事)
2. We can have fresh air and enjoy beautiful scenery. (我们可以呼吸新鲜的空气和享受美丽的风景)
3. Go straight, and you will see the restaurant on your right. (直行，你会看到餐厅在你右手边)
(2) but(但是)
例：1. The little girl fell down but didn't cry. (那小女孩跌倒了，但没有哭)
2. My parents agree to let me go out with your, but they ask me to come home before 12:00. (我父母同意我和你一起出去，但要求我在12点前回家)
(3) or(或者、否则)
例：1. What would you prefer, coffee or tea? (你更喜欢什么，咖啡还是茶？)
2. You can turn coal into diamonds or sand into computer chips. (你可以把煤变成钻石，也可以把沙子变成电脑芯片)
3. The book fair must be held, or the books won't be sold out in a week. (必须举办书展，否则书在一周内卖不出去)
注意：祈使句, and(那么) + S + V ~
祈使句, or(否则) + S + V ~
例：1. Go to the shop at once, or it will be closed. (马上去商店，否则它就关门了)
2. Go to that bookstore, and you'll find foreign books. (去那家书店，你会找到外国书籍)
(4) so(所以) => 只能连接两个子句
例：1. some people never think of the future, so they only use things once and throw them away. (有些人从不考虑未来，所以他们只用一次就扔掉了)
2. We share this world, so each of us has to do our part. (我们共享这个世界，因此每个人都要尽自己的一份力量)
(5) 对等相关连接词 => both ~ and(~和~两者都)、not only ~ but also ~ (不仅~而且~)、either ~ or ~(不是~就是~)
例：1. She hopes both to lose weight and shape up by jogging. ( 她希望通过慢跑既能减肥又能塑身)
2. He not only broke the machine but also put the blame on me. (他不仅弄坏了机器，还把责任推给了我)
3. You can pay either in cash or by check. (你可以用现金或支票支付)
4. Both French and German are spoken in this region. (该地区使用法语和德语)
5. Not only I but also they are angry with you. (不仅是我，他们也在生你的气)
6. Either you or I am in the right. (你或我是对的)
7. Neither my mother nor I was listening to the news on TV. (我和母亲都没有收听电视新闻)
注意：5,6,7的动词是以靠近的主词为准，例如5以they为准，所以使用are
8. Mr.Wang as well as the students was late for class. (王老师和学生们都迟到了)
注意：as well as 强调的是前面的主词，所以以前面为准
2. 从属连接词：连接两子句 => 引导名词子句或副词子句
(1) 名词子句 => 由 that 引导，当主词，补语，受词
例：I know her name. => I know that she is Cathy.
① that + S + V 当主词
例：1. She will come. It is almost certain.
=> That she will come is almost certain. (她会来几乎是确定的)
=> It is almost certain that she will come.
2. That the world's climate is getting hotter is beyond any doubt. (世界气候正在变得越来越热，这一点毋庸置疑)
② that + S + V 当补语 => 放be动词后，当主词补语，that不可省略
例：The trouble is that I have no money with me. (麻烦的事是我身上没钱)
③ that + S + V 当受词 => 放一般动词后，当受词，that可省略
例：1. He says that he is thinking of moving his office from Taipei to Kaohsiung. (他说他正考虑将办公室从台北搬到高雄)
2. I can't believe that he has made the same mistake three times. (真不敢相信，他已经三次犯同样的错误了)
注意：若有and、but 等连接两个 that 字句时，第一个 that 可省略，第二个 that 不可省略
例：Mother said that you stayed home and that you had to do all housework. (妈妈说你呆在家里，所有的家务活都得你来做)
④ that + S + V 当同位语 => a rumor that + S + V 及 news that + S + V 中的 that 字句和 a rumor / news 为同位语
例：I heard the news that a new student would join our class. (我听说我们班要来一位新同学)
(2) 名词子句 => 由 whether / if 引导，当主词，补语，受词
① 当主词
例：Whether he will come or not makes no difference. (他来不来并没有什么区别)
② 当补语
例：The question is whether I should buy it or rent it. (问题是我应该买还是租)
③ 当受词 => whether + S + V 当受词可等于 if + S + V
例：He asked me ( if / whether) it would be fine tomorrow (他问我明天天气会不会好)
(3) 副词子句 => 由 when, if 等连接词引导，和一般的副词一样表时间地点等
例：It snows in winter. => It snows when winter comes.
① 表示 时间 的副词字句=> 由 after, as, before, since, until, till, when, while, as soon as 引导
例：1. After I tell you the answers, please repeat them after me loudly. (在我告诉你答案之后，请大声地跟我重复这些答案)
2. It is a custom to take off the shoes before you go into a Chinese man's house. (进中国人的家之前要脱鞋，这是一种习俗)
3. Heat the cookies at 360 degrees until they turn light brown. (用 360 度的高温加热饼干，直到饼干变成浅棕色)
4. When you take medicine, he sure to follow the doctor's directions below. (服药时，请务必遵照以下医嘱)
5. While I was sleeping, there was noise outside. (当我在睡觉的时候，外面有噪音) (while所引导的从属字句常使用进行式)
② 表示 地点 的副词字句 => 由 where 引导
例：1. Where there is a will, there is a way. (有志者事竟成)
2. Put it back where it was. (把它放回原处)
③ 表示 原因、理由 的副词字句 => 由 because, since, as 引导，语气强弱顺序：because > since > as
例：1. Because I was exhausted, I didn't go. (因为我累极了，所以我没去)
=> I didn't go because I was exhausted. (我没去，因为我累坏了)
=> I was exhausted, so I didn't go. (我累坏了，所以没去)
2. I always like to buy cakes in that bakery because they are 20% off after eight in the evening. (我总是喜欢在那家面包店买蛋糕，因为晚上八点以后蛋糕可以打八折)
3. We ate lunch in the garden since it was nice and cool outside. (我们在花园里吃了午餐，因为外面的天气很好很凉爽)
4. There are few students on the bus as it is Sunday today. (今天是星期天，所以公交车上的学生很少)
注意：下列情况必须用because
例：1. Why is he absent? Because he is ill. (他为什么缺席？因为他病了) (why提问)
2. He is absent not because he is busy but because he is ill. (他缺席不是因为他忙，而是因为他病了) (not ~ but ~)
④ 表示 条件 的副词子句 => if(如果)
例：If you keep eating fast food, you'll taste the bitter fruits before long. (如果你继续吃快餐，不久你就会尝到苦果)
⑤ 表示 让步 的副词子句 => though, although, whether or not
例：1. Though Taiwan is small, I love it. After all, it is my homeland. (台湾虽小，但我爱它。毕竟，它是我的故乡)
=> Taiwan is small, but I love it. After all, it is my homeland.
注意：as(虽然) => (形 / 副 / 名(前无冠词)) + as + S + V ~, S + V ~
例：2. Although she is a teacher, she isn't patient with children. (虽然她是一名教师，但她对孩子们没有耐心)
=> Teacher as she is , she isn't patient with children.
3. Whether it rains or not, the final game will be played. (无论是否下雨，决赛都将进行)
⑥ 表示 结果，目的 的副词子句 => so + (形 / 副) + that + S + V(如此~以至于~), so that ~ (结果是~ / 以至于 ~)
例：1. It was so heavy that we couldn't move it. (它如此沉重以至于我们无法移动它)
=> It was too heavy for us to move. (so that couldn't = too to ) (不定词后面的受词如果跟主词一样的时候，受词一定要省略)
2. It was so cool a hairstyle that I want to imitate it. (这个发型是如此的酷，以至于我想要模仿它)
=> It was such a cool hairstyle that I want to imitate it.
3. Their house burned down, so that they had nowhere to live. (他们的房子被烧毁了，以至于他们没有地方居住)
注意：名词子句依时间表现时态
副词子句的时态：
主要字句：现在式、过去式、未来式
副词子句：现在式、过去式、现在式
例：1. I don't know if my parents will come back home tomorrow. (我不知道我父母明天会不会回家) (名词子句依照tomorrow为未来式)
2. If my parents come back home tomorrow, I'll call you up. (如果我父母明天回家，我会给你打电话的) (副词子句根据主要字句 I'll 判断为未来式，副词子句用现在式)
