2021.11.29
何迅
难度：CSE7
课程导读
近期，国内很多省份相继延长了带薪产假和陪产假，有些地区还增设了育儿假，为家庭育儿带来了极大的便利。而谁能想到，号称“全球第一经济体”的美国，竟然根本没有全国范围的带薪产假制度。就在上月底，拜登政府将《重建美好未来法案》中12周的带薪产假缩减为了4周，但其最终纳入法案的希望仍然十分渺茫。带薪产假和陪产假究竟有何意义？陪产假对于父亲又有怎样的影响？一起来听今天的讲解。
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本篇课程首发于2021年11月29日
英文原文
What Paternity Leave Does for a Father's Brain
By Darby Saxbe and Sofia Cardenas
After President Biden left paid family leave out of his Build Back Better Act last month, a familiar marshaling of forces took place. Women's groups and female leaders protested. Democratic leaders, well aware that women are the base of the party, have restored four weeks of family leave, at least for now.
As with so much about parenting, the focus was on mothers, and that's outdated and misleading. Although women bear the brunt of family caregiving in the United States, paid leave is more than a women's issue. There is more evidence than ever for the benefits of paternity leave.
Parenting experience transforms men's brains and bodies. Men's hormones can shift both before and after a child's birth, and there is exciting new evidence that fathers' brains reflect the transition to parenthood as well.
Fathers are made, not born: Time with infants is a key ingredient in building the fathering brain. In other words, policies that support fathers' time at home after birth may help mold men into more attuned fathers.
Despite these benefits, in 2016 only 9 percent of American workers were employed at companies that offered paternity leave to all of their employees. Going forward, we must reframe paid family leave not as a women's issue but as an issue that matters to everyone.
生词好句
1.paternity leave
陪产假（父亲享有的产假）
拓展:
paternity UK /pəˈtɜːnəti/ US /pəˈtɜːrnəti/
n. 父亲的身份
maternity leave 产假
2.leave something out
省掉，遗漏（fail to include）
拓展:
近义词：jettison
3.family leave
因家事请的事假（一般是因为要taking care of a baby or an ill family member等）
4.Build Back Better Act
《重建美好未来法案》（此法案是美国总统拜登上台之后推出的一系列经济刺激计划的总称）
5.marshal
英 [ˈmɑːʃəl] 美 [ˈmɑːrʃəl]
vt. 结集（to bring together）；安排（to organize）；统帅（to arrange soldiers in an orderly way）；n. 元帅
6.protest
英 [prəˈtest] 美 [proʊˈtest]
v. 抗议
拓展:
发音拓展：
此处protest作动词，重音在后面；
而当protest作名词时，重音在前面（UK /ˈprəʊtest/ US /ˈproʊtest/）。
7.base
英 [beɪs] 美 [beɪs]
n. 基石，压舱石（bedrock）
8.as with
正如（like）
9.outdated
英 [ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd] 美 [ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd]
adj. 过时的（old-fashioned and not modern）
10.misleading
英 [ˌmɪsˈliːdɪŋ] 美 [ˌmɪsˈliːdɪŋ]
adj. 误导的（causing someone to believe something that is not true）
拓展:
There are few things more dishonorable than misleading the young.
误导青年，耻莫大焉。（没什么是比误导年轻人更可耻的了。）
【注：此处拓展的例句是mislead作动词的用法】
11.bear the brunt of something
首当其冲，承受……的冲击
拓展:
近义表达：stand/take the brunt of sth.
brunt UK /brʌnt/ US /brʌnt/
n. 冲击力（the main force of something unpleasant）
the brunt of the missile attacks 导弹的冲击波
Say anything—you can. Bear the brunt of it—you may not.
坐而论道，言之凿凿；真刀真枪，我看未必。（人们总是可以轻易说出任何事，但未必真的会首当其冲。）
12.transform
英 [trænsˈfɔːm] 美 [trænsˈfɔːrm]
vt. 使彻底改观；使大变样
拓展:
近义词解析：
本段中的transform，shift，transition都有"改变"这层意思。
transform和transition一般表示变化大（change completely）
shift一般表示变化小（change slightly）
13.shift
英 [ʃɪft] 美 [ʃɪft]
v. （尤指略微地）改变
14.transition
英 [trænˈzɪʃən] 美 [trænˈzɪʃən]
n. 转变（change from one form to another）
拓展:
Retirement is a big transition. 退休会带来大转变。
15.mold
英 [məʊld] 美 [moʊld]
vt. 力图改变，对……施加影响（to try to change or influence someone）；塑造 n. 霉菌；模具
拓展:
He kept trying to mold me into something he wanted me to be.
他一直想要影响我按照他想的那个方式去做。
I strive to mold circumstances to myself not myself to circumstances.
人定胜天，而非随波逐流。（我努力改变环境来适应我，而不是改变我自己去适应环境。）
16.attuned
英 [əˈtʃuːnd] 美 [əˈtuːnd]
adj. 心领神会的，理解的
拓展:
stay tuned （电台节目中常出现）继续收听
stay attuned 保持步调一致；善解人意
We should consciously stay attuned to our baby’s needs.
我们必须自觉地和孩子的需求保持一致。
17.reframe
英 [ˌriːˈfreɪm] 美 [ˌriːˈfreɪm]
vt. 用不同的方式表达（to change the way something is expressed or considered）；把（画等）放入新的画框
