4

If you obey the law, you will stay out of trouble with the police

PREMISE：you stay out of the trouble with the police

CONCLUSION: you are obeying the law

ATTACK: It is true that obeying the law will keep you safe from getting into trouble. But it does not necessarily mean the same the other way round. There are lots of scenario that leads to you staying out of the trouble with the police. Maybe you cheat to get away with what you did, to name just a few. Therefore, the argument is invalid.

8

If a person is given a proper upbringing by one's parents, he or she will treat others with respect

PREMISE: a person treats others with respect

CONCLUSION: he or she must has been given a proper upbringing

ATTACK: A proper upbringing is just a sufficient reason for one to respect others. That does not mean a person who respects others has been given a proper upbringing. A person's education comes from one's parents, teachers or society. Therefore, the argument is only partly true.