Prison Experiment 1
In 1971 psychologists created one of the most important experiments in the history of psychology.
ps: 1971年，心理学家创造了心理学史上最重要的实验之一。
psychologists心理学家; 心理学研究者; psychologist的复数
created创造; 创作; 创建; 造成，引起，产生; 授予; 册封; create的过去分词和过去式
one of…之一
most important重要的; 有重大影响的; 有巨大价值的; 影响很大的; 权威的; important的最高级
experiments实验; 试验; 尝试; 实践; 做试验; 进行实验; 试用; experiment的第三人称单数和复数
in the history历史上的，有史以来的
psychology心理学; 心理; 心理特征; 心理影响
The experiment known as the Stanford Prison Experiment, looked at the impact of situations on human behavior.
ps: 这项实验被称为斯坦福监狱实验，旨在研究情境对人类行为的影响。
experiment实验; 试验; 尝试; 实践; 做试验; 进行实验; 试用
known as被称为; 被认为是; 以…而闻名
looked看; 瞧; 寻找; 寻求; 注意; 留心; 留神; look的过去分词和过去式
impact巨大影响; 强大作用; 撞击; 冲撞; 冲击力; 有影响，有作用; 冲击
situations情况; 状况; 形势; 局面; 地理位置，环境特点; 职业; 工作岗位; situation的复数
human behavior人类行为
The researchers, led by Philip Zimbardo, wanted to know how situations could affect how people behave.
In particular, they wanted to know if good people would change their personalities and lose their values.
ps: 特别是，他们想知道好人是否会改变他们的个性，失去他们的价值观
In particular尤其; 特别
wanted受通缉的; 要; 想要; 希望; 需要; 需要…在场; want的过去分词和过去式
know知道; 知悉; 了解; 认识到; 懂得; 意识到; 确信; 确知; 肯定
would(will的过去式，用于转述)将，将会; 带出想象的结果; 就会; 想要; 希望; 愿意; 喜欢; 立定志向; 决心; 决意; 立遗嘱将赠与; 立遗嘱赠与; will的过去式
change改变; 变化; 使不同; 变换，改换，变成; 变更; 变革; 替代; 更换; 替代物
personalities性格; 个性; 人格; 魅力; 气质; 气度; 名人，风云人物; personality的复数
lose遗失; 丢失; 损失，丧失，失去; 被…夺去
values价值; 值，划算程度; 用途; 积极作用; 重视; 珍视; 给…估价; 给…定价; value
In the experiment, participants were divided into two groups.
One group became prison guards and the other group became prison inmates.
ps: 一组成为狱警，另一组成为囚犯。
group组; 群; 批; 类; 簇; 集团; 演奏组，乐团，乐队; 成群，成组，聚集; 将…分类; 把…分组
became开始变得; 变成; 适合; 与…相称; 使显得漂亮; 使好看; become的过去式
prison监狱; 牢狱; 看守所; 监禁; 关押; 关押制度; 难以脱身的地方; 牢笼; 樊笼
guards卫兵; 警卫员; 看守; 卫兵，警卫; 警戒; 保卫; 保护; 警卫; 守卫; 监视; guard的第三人称单数和复数
inmates同住者; 同狱犯人; 同病房者; inmate的复数 英 [ˈɪnmeɪts] 美 [ˈɪnˌmeɪts]
Question:
1. They wanted to study how situations can affect human behavior.
The experiment was set up in Stanford University’s psychology building.
Fill in the blanks:
The researchers, led by Philip Zimbardo, wanted to know how situations could affect how people behave.In particular, they wanted to know if good people would change their personalities and lose their values.
The experiment was set up in Stanford University’s psychology building.
A group of 24 students was chosen to play the roles, 12 guards and 12 prisoners.
The students came from a larger group of volunteers who wanted to participate in a psychology experiment.
Those who were chosen had no criminal background and had no significant medical or psychological problems.
ps: 被选中的人没有犯罪背景，也没有重大的医疗或心理问题。
chosen选择; 挑选; 选取; 宁愿; 情愿; 决定; choose的过去分词
criminal犯罪的; 犯法的; 涉及犯罪的; 刑法的; 刑事的; 道德上错误的; 不道德的; 罪犯
background出身背景; 学历; 经历; 背景; 后景
significant有重大意义的; 显著的; 有某种意义的; 别有含义的; 意味深长的
medical伤病的; 疾病的; 医疗的; 内科的; 体格检查
They agreed to participate in the experiment for a one to two-week period.
Question:
1.how long was the experiment scheduled to last?
it was scheduled for a one to two-week period
2.What is another word for “significant”?
important.
Repeat Sentences:
1. In the experiment, participants were divided into two groups.
2. The experiment was set up in Stanford University’s psychology building.
3. A group of 24 students was chosen to play the roles, 12 guards and 12 prisoners.
4. The experiment was scheduled to last one to two weeks.
5. It was one of the most important experiments in the history of psychology.
6. One group became prison guards and the other group became prison inmates.
The prisoners had to remain in prison 24 hours a day during the experiment.
Guards worked in teams of three and were assigned to work in eight-hour shifts.
ps:警卫三人一组，每班八小时。
worked做体力工作; 劳动; 干活; 受雇于; 从事…工作; 使工作; 使卖力干活; work的过去分词和过去式; working的过去分词和过去式
teams队; 组，班; 一组牲畜，联畜; 使互相配合; 使协作; 使合作; team的第三人称单数和复数
work in把…加进; 把…混入; 把…掺进
shifts转移; 挪动; 赶快; 快速移动; 变换; 更替; 变动; 改变; 转换; 班; 轮班; 轮班工作
Unlike the prisoners, they were free to return to their homes between shifts.
Hidden cameras and microphones were used to observe the behaviors of both the prisoners and guards.
ps: 隐藏的摄像机和麦克风被用来观察囚犯和警卫的行为。
Hidden难以看见的; 隐藏的; 隐秘的; 藏; 隐蔽; 躲避; 隐匿; 遮住; 遮挡; hide的过去分词
cameras照相机; 摄影机; 摄像机; camera的复数
microphones麦克风; 话筒; 传声器; microphone的复数
used to曾经
observe看到; 注意到; 观察到; 观察; 注视; 监视; 说话; 评论
behaviorsbehavior的名词复数
prisoners囚犯; 犯人; 羁押候审者; 被关起来的人; 俘虏; 战俘; prisoner的复数
guards卫兵; 警卫员; 看守; 卫兵，警卫; 警戒; 保卫; 保护; 警卫; 守卫; 监视; guard
Question:
1.what were you used to obseve the prisoners and guards?
Hidden cameras and microphones
2. How often could the prisoners return to their homes?
They had to stay in prison for the duration of the experiment.
The simulated prison included three small prison cells, 6 feet by 9 feet.
ps:模拟监狱包括三个6英尺乘9英尺的小牢房。
simulated假装的; 仿造的; 模拟的; 假装; 冒充; 装作; 模拟; 模仿; simulate的过去分词和过去式
prison监狱; 牢狱; 看守所; 监禁; 关押; 关押制度; 难以脱身的地方; 牢笼; 樊笼
included包括在内的; 包括; 包含; 使成为…的一部分; include的过去分词和过去式
small小的; 小号的，小型的; 成为小块; 小小地; 后腰; 小件衣服
cells单间牢房; 牢房; 小房间; 细胞; cell的复数
feetfoot 的复数
Each cell had three small beds and held three prisoners.
There was also a closet that served as a solitary confinement room.
ps: 还有一个壁橱，作为单独的禁闭室。
closet贮藏室; 壁橱; 隐藏的; 不公开的; 把…关在房间里
served提供; 端上; 够…吃; 接待; 服务; serve的过去分词和过去式
solitary confinement单独监禁; 单独禁闭
solitary英 [ˈsɒlətri] 美 [ˈsɑːləteri] adj.独自的;单独的;喜欢(或惯于)独处的;单个的;孤单的;孤零零的n.独居者;隐士
confinement英 [kənˈfaɪnmənt] 美 [kənˈfaɪnmənt] n.禁闭;监禁;关押;分娩;产期
room房间; 室; 有…室的; 有…个房间的; 客房; 租房; 合住
This was used to isolate prisoners who needed to be punished for bad behavior.
ps:这被用来隔离那些因行为不端而需要受到惩罚的囚犯。
used to曾经
isolate隔离，孤立，脱离; 将…剔出; 使分离; 使离析
prisoners囚犯; 犯人; 羁押候审者; 被关起来的人; 俘虏; 战俘; prisoner的复数
needed需要; 必需; 有必要; need的过去分词和过去式
bad令人不快的; 问题成堆的; 坏的; 质量差的; 不合格的; 拙于; 不擅; 不善于; 坏人; 坏事; 很; 非常
behavior行为; 性能; 表现; 习性
Guards were instructed not to physically harm the prisoners in any way.
ps: 狱警奉命不要以任何方式伤害囚犯。
instructed指示; 命令; 吩咐; 教授，传授; 告知; 通知; instruct的过去分词和过去式
physically身体上; 肉体上; 依据自然规律; 按自然法则; 根本上
harm伤害; 损害
prisoners囚犯; 犯人; 羁押候审者; 被关起来的人; 俘虏; 战俘; prisoner的复数
in any way在任何方面
Prisoners were to be addressed by their assigned numbers and never by name.
ps:囚犯的地址是他们指定的号码，而不是名字。
addressed写姓名地址; 致函; 演说; 演讲; 向…说话; address的过去分词和过去式
assigned分配; 分派，布置; 指定; 指派; 委派; 派遣; assign的过去分词和过去式
numbers数字; 数; 数量; 编号; 序数; 号码; 标号; 给…编号; 总计; 共计; 数以…计; 把…算作; 归入; number的第三人称单数和复数
never从不; 绝不; 从未; 未曾; (与not同义，语气较强)一点都不; 不会吧
by name以名字;指名道姓地
To prevent eye contact with the prisoners, guards wore mirrored sunglasses.
ps:为了防止与囚犯的目光接触，狱警戴着镜面太阳镜。
eye contact眼神接触; 目光交流
prisoners囚犯; 犯人; 羁押候审者; 被关起来的人; 俘虏; 战俘; prisoner的复数
guards卫兵; 警卫员; 看守; 卫兵，警卫; 警戒; 保卫; 保护; 警卫; 守卫; 监视; guard的第三人称单数和复数
wore穿; 戴; 佩戴; 蓄，留; 流露，面带，呈现; wear的过去式
mirrored有镜子的; 像镜子的; 反映; 映照; 反射; mirror的过去分词和过去式
sunglasses太阳镜; 墨镜
This was done to dehumanize the relationship between guards and prisoners.
ps: 这样做是为了使狱警和囚犯之间的关系失去人性。
done完毕; 了结; 结束; 煮熟; 熟了; 合乎礼仪; 合乎规矩; 得体; 行，好; 做，干，办; 做; 行动; 表现; 进展，进行; do的过去分词
dehumanize使丧失人性; 使无人性 英 [ˌdiːˈhjuːmənaɪz] 美 [ˌdiːˈhjuːmənaɪz]
relationship关系，联系; 情爱关系; 性爱关系; 关联，关系
between在…中间，介于…之间; 在…之间，在…中间; 介于…之间
guards卫兵; 警卫员; 看守; 卫兵，警卫; 警戒; 保卫; 保护; 警卫; 守卫; 监视; guard的第三人称单数和复数
prisoners囚犯; 犯人; 羁押候审者; 被关起来的人; 俘虏; 战俘; prisoner的复数
Exercises:
1.why did guards wear mirrored sunglasses?
To prevent eye contact with the prisoners
2. What is a very small room usually used to store clothes?
a closet.
3. To isolate someone means to keep them apart from others.
4. To physically harm someone means to physically hurt them.
Repeat Sentences:
1. The guards were assigned to work in eight-hour shifts.
2.The prisoners had to remain in prison 24 hours a day during the experiment.
3. Hidden cameras and microphones were used to observe the prisoners and guards.
4. To prevent eye contact with the prisoners, guards wore mirrored sunglasses.
5.To isolate someone means to keep them apart from others.
