1.安装
安装服务器：
root@ubuntu:/# apt-get install mysql-server-5.5
安装客户端：
root@ubuntu:/# apt-get install mysql-client-core-5.5
中途遇到依赖包无法下载的问题，更换一下软件源就ok 度娘 ubuntu更新源
ubuntu下mysql安装目录:
| url | content |
|---|---|
| /usr/bin | 客户端和mysql_install_db |
| /var/lib/mysql | 数据库和日志文件 |
| /var/run/mysqld | 服务器 |
| /etc/mysql | 配置文件 my.cnf |
| /usr/share/mysql | 字符集，基准程序和错误消息 |
| /etc/init.d/mysql | 启动mysql服务器 |
2.常用操作
mysql服务操作
// /etc/init.d/mysql + 命令 start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status
/etc/init.d/mysql start;
mysql登陆
mysql -u 用户名 -p
查看编码
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看字符集
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改配置文件编码
# client 下添加 default-character-set=utf8
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
default-character-set=utf8
# mysqld 下添加 character-set-server=utf8 （可添加 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' 设置数据库链接时的编码）
[mysqld]
user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
配置优化 my.cnf参数配置优化详解
查看数据库或表的创建信息（查编码）
show create database `database_name`;
show create table `table_name`;
查看表中所有字段的编码
show full columns from `table_name`;
更改数据库或表的编码和字符集
//更改后需重启服务
ALTER DATABASE `database_name` （ALTER TABLE `table_name`） DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci
*** 修改表中字段的字符集***
ALTER TABLE `table_name` modify `column_name` 字段类型 CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL;