正文
Many want to be Japan's new leader. Do they know what awaits them?
多人想成为日本新领袖。他们知道将要面临什么吗?
The Japanese economy has taken a historic nosedive. The coronavirus could yet rage out of control and force a second postponement of the Olympics. America, Japan's closest ally, is embroiled in a polarizing presidential election. And those are just the immediate challenges for the politicians jockeying fiercely to replace Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, who is leaving office a year early with no obvious successor.
日本经济出现了历史性的急剧下滑。新冠病毒仍有可能失控肆虐,迫使奥运会再次延期。现在,日本最亲密的盟友美国陷入了一场两极分化的总统选举。而这些只是政客们当下面临的挑战。首相安倍晋三提前一年离任,而且没有明确的继任者,这些政客为了取代安倍晋三正展开激烈的竞争。
Japan is confronting labor shortages as it grapples with a shrinking population and a stubbornly low birthrate, as well as snags in bringing in foreign workers. With the highest proportion of elderly people in the world, Japan could soon struggle to meet pension obligations and provide health care to the aging public.
日本面临着劳动力短缺的问题,政府正在努力应对人口不断减少、出生率持续低下的挑战,以及引进外国工人方面的障碍。作为世界上老年人口比例最高的国家,日本可能很快就要非常努力才能履行养老金义务,并为老龄化人口提供医疗保健了。
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"It makes me wonder why anybody would want to be prime minister," said Jeffrey Hornung, an analyst at the RAND Corp.
兰德公司的分析师杰弗里·霍农表示:“这让我好奇为什么有人会想当(日本)首相。”
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But there is no shortage of aspirants. Abe's conservative party, the Liberal Democratic Party, will announce on Tuesday whether it will call an extraordinary election limited to its members of Parliament and a few prefectural representatives, or a vote that would involve all the party's 1 million members.***
但是日本并不缺少胸怀壮志的候选人。安倍所在的保守党派(即自由民主党)将于周二宣布继任者的选拔方式:是进行一场只限于党内国会议员和少量地方党员代表参加的特别选举,还是让 100 万自民党党员全体参与投票。
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For now, the most pressing priority for the next prime minister will be restoring the economy, battered by a worldwide pandemic-related downturn. Japan already has the biggest debt load in the developed world relative to the size of its economy and has spent heavily to stimulate economic activity.
受新冠疫情影响,全球经济下行,日本的经济也因此遭受重创。目前,对于日本的下一任首相来说,当务之急就是要恢复经济。相对于日本的经济规模而言,它已经是发达国家中债务负担最重的国家了。而为了刺激经济活动,日本又投入了巨资。
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"This is such a heavy lift even before you get to structural change and demographics or any of these larger Japan-specific problems," said Sheila A. Smith, senior fellow for Japan studies at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington.
“就算先不处理结构性变化、人口数字或其他日本社会特有且更严重的问题,经济问题也是一个巨大的挑战。”希拉·A·史密斯说道。她是一名从事日本研究的高级研究员,就职于位于华盛顿的美国外交关系协会。
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主编:尹岚、之洵
品控:木子、桃子、Lala
审核:咯咯
重点词汇
await
/əˈweɪt/
v. 等待
词义辨析:await, wait
两者都可以表示“等待,等候”,区别在于,await 是及物动词,而 wait 常作不及物动词,用搭配 wait for 表示“等待......”。另外,await 可以用于表示“某事等待某人”。
例句:Dangers await them.
nosedive
/ˈnoʊz.daɪv/
n. 猛跌,骤降;(飞机的)俯冲
相关词汇:nose(n.(飞机的)头部;鼻子)
相关词汇:dive(v. 俯冲)
搭配短语:take a nosedive(急剧恶化,一落千丈)
例句:The company's share price took a nosedive.
rage
/reɪdʒ/
v. 肆虐,猛烈发作;发怒,发火
词性拓展:rage(n. 愤怒,狂怒)
例句:A storm was raging outside.(肆虐,猛烈发作)
例句:The epidemic raged across the country.(肆虐,猛烈发作)
postponement
/poʊstˈpoʊn.mənt/
n. 推迟,延期
词根词缀:pon-(放置)
词根词缀:post-(在......后面)
相关词汇:postpone(v. 推迟,延期)
词根词缀:-ment(表示名词词性)
ally
/ˈæl.aɪ/
n. 同盟国,盟友
embroil
/ɪmˈbrɔɪl/
v. 使陷入(困境)
词根词缀:em-(使处于某种状态)
相关词汇:broil(v. 烤,焙)
搭配短语:broiled chicken(烤鸡)
英文释义:to cause someone to become involved in an argument or a difficult situation
搭配短语:embroil in(卷入......)
例句:We must resist Trump's efforts to embroil us in his trade wars.
polarizing
/ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪ.zɪŋ/
adj. 对立的,两极分化的
相关词汇:polarize(v. 使观点形成对立的两派)
相关词汇:pole(n. 地极;(对立或矛盾的)极端)
搭配短语:the South Pole(南极)
搭配短语:the North Pole(北极)
jockey
/ˈdʒɑː.ki/
v. 不择手段地争取
successor
/səkˈses.ɚ/
n. 继任者,接替者
词根词缀:suc-(在......之后)
词根词缀:cess(走)
词根词缀:-or(......的人)
反义词:predecessor(n. 前辈,前身)
词根词缀:pre-(在......之前)
grapple
/ˈɡræp.əl/
v.(为了得到某物而)扭打,搏斗
搭配短语:grapple with sb. / sth.
例句:He is grappling with his maths homework.
shrink
/ʃrɪŋk/
v. 缩小,变小
相关词汇:shrinking(adj. 收缩的,减少的)
stubbornly
/ˈstʌb.ɚn.li/
adv. 顽固地,难以对付地
相关词汇:stubborn(adj. 固执的;难以去除的)
例句:He is as stubborn as a mule.(固执的)
搭配短语:stubborn stains(难以去除的)
snag
/snæɡ/
n. 小问题,小障碍;树桩(尤指水下的暗桩)
meet an obligation
履行义务
相关词汇:meet(v. 履行,使满意)
相关词汇:obligation(n. 义务)
aspirant
/ˈæs.pɚ.ənt/
n. 有抱负的人,有志者
相关词汇:aspire(v. 追求,渴望)
搭配短语:aspire to careers in education
call
/kɑːl/
v. 召开,举行;打电话;称呼
搭配短语:call a press conference
extraordinary
/ɪkˈstrɔːr.dən.er.i/
adj. 特别的,特殊的;非凡的;令人惊奇的
搭配短语:an extraordinary talent(非凡的)
搭配短语:an extraordinary thing(令人惊奇的)
搭配短语:an extraordinary meeting / session / election(特别的,特殊的)
prefectural
/ˈpriː.fek.tjurəl/
adj. 地方的
相关词汇:prefecture(n.(某些国家的)省,县)
pressing
/ˈpres.ɪŋ/
adj. 紧迫的,迫切的
相关词汇:press(v. 按,压;催促)
例句:There is a pressing need for more funds.
priority
/praɪˈɔːr.ə.t̬i/
n. 优先考虑的事,当务之急
相关词汇:prior(adj. 优先的)
batter
/ˈbæt̬.ɚ/
v. 殴打,连续猛击
downturn
/ˈdaʊn.tɝːn/
n. 下降,衰退
相关词汇:down(prep. 向下)
相关词汇:turn(n. 转动)
反义词:upturn(n. 上升,好转)
heavy lift
困难的工作
同义短语:heavy lifting
get to
处理,解决
英文释义:to address or tackle something
例句:Let me finish my job first and I'll get to your problem.
demographics
/ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪks/
n. 人口统计数据