Japan's rural railways are disappearing
日本的乡间铁路正在消失
Tucked away in the verdant mountains of Shimane, in western Japan, Gobira railway station has nearly disappeared. Its last departure was in the spring of 2018, when the 108km-long Sanko Line, which snaked through six municipalities in Shimane and Hiroshima prefectures, closed after 88 years.
在日本西部,藏匿于岛根县青山之中的江平火车站几乎消失了。(车站里的火车)最后一次启程是在 2018 年的春天,当时全长 108 公里、蜿蜒穿过岛根县和广岛县 6 个市的三江线,在运营了 88 年之后关闭。
The line was losing ¥900m a year when it shut. "It was a difficult decision," says Masuda Kazutoshi, a former mayor of one of the towns served, who oversaw the process.
这条线路在关闭时,一年亏损了 9 亿日元。增田和寿(音)是三江线沿线上一个町的前町长,负责监管三江线的停运工作。“这是一个艰难的决定,”他说。
Japan is a railway powerhouse. The famed shinkansen, or bullet trains, connect far-flung corners of the country. Two new stations were added this year to Tokyo's already expansive commuter-rail network to ease congestion at rush hour and provide better access to venues for the Olympics.
日本是一个铁路强国。著名的“新干线”,也就是子弹头列车,将这个国家的边远地区连接了起来。而东京早已四通八达的通勤铁路系统,今年又增加了两个新车站,为的是缓解高峰时段的拥堵,并且为去往奥运场馆提供更好的通行便利。
Yet many railways in rural areas face a similar fate to the Sanko Line. A total of 44 lines, spanning over 1,000 km, have closed since 2000.
然而许多乡村地区的铁路却面临着和三江线类似的命运。自 2000 年以来,一共有 44 条跨度超过 1000 公里的线路停运。
Three-quarters of local railway companies are unprofitable. The shrinking and ageing of the population, which are especially acute in rural areas, have drained away passengers and revenue. The government provides relatively little support for struggling lines.
四分之三的地方铁路公司都无以盈利。在乡村地区尤为严重的人口萎缩与老龄化,使乘客和收入逐渐流失。相对来说,政府对陷入困境的铁路线提供的支持也少之又少。
"Japan thinks Tokyo is the only place people live in," says Morita Ippei of Gounokawa Railway, an organisation seeking to revitalise the towns along the Sanko Line. "The Sanko Line disappeared. We were abandoned, discarded."
盛田一平(音)来自江川铁路公司——一个试图振兴三江线沿线城镇经济的组织。他说:“整个日本都觉得只有东京才有人住。三江线消失了,我们被抛弃了,被放弃了。”
"If we continue down this path, every form of public transport in rural regions will disappear in the future," warns Utsunomiya Kiyohito of Kansai University.
来自关西大学的宇都宫清仁(音)也发出警告:“如果再这样下去,未来乡村地区各种形态的公共交通都将会消失。”
主编:Eein
品控:Pita
审核:Amy
Photo credit:
By Bernard Gagnon - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0
By kh ws - N700A G15 編成, CC BY-SA 2.0
重点词汇
be tucked away
被藏在不起眼的地方
相关词汇:tuck(v. 把……塞进)
搭配短语:tuck the shirt in
搭配短语:tuck sb. in(睡前帮某人把被子的角塞好)
verdant
/ˈvɝː.dənt/
adj. 长满绿色植物的,草木苍翠的
英文释义:covered with green plants
搭配短语:verdant green(沃顿绿,祖母绿宝石中最为优质的颜色)
snake
/sneɪk/
v. 蜿蜒伸展
词性拓展:snake(n. 蛇)
municipality
/mjuːˌnɪs.əˈpæl.ə.t̬i/
n. 市,自治市
相关词汇:municipal(adj. 市的,市政的)
搭配短语:the municipal library
prefecture
/ˈpriː.fek.tʃɚ/
n.(日本的行政区划)县
oversaw
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈsiː/
v. 监督,监察,监管
词根词缀:over-(表示“在……上方”)
相关词汇:see(v. 看)
相关词汇:overlook(v. 忽视,忽略)
例句:People often overlook the beauty of the countryside.
powerhouse
/ˈpaʊ.ɚ.haʊs/
n. 强国;发电站
相关词汇:power(n. 电力)
近义词:power station
英文释义:a country or organization that has a lot of power
搭配短语:an AI powerhouse
搭配短语:an economic powerhouse
famed
/feɪmd/
adj. 著名的,闻名的
相关词汇:fame(n. 名声,名望)
近义词:famous, well-known
far-flung
/ˌfɑːrˈflʌŋ/
adj. 遥远的;涉及范围广的
相关词汇:fling(v. 用力抛,扔)
近义词:throw
搭配短语:far-flung friends
近义词:remote, distant
congestion
/kənˈdʒes.tʃən/
n. 拥堵,堵塞;(血管)堵塞
搭配短语:traffic congestion
同义短语:traffic jam
venue
/ˈven.juː/
n.(公共事件的)发生场所,举行地点,会场
搭配短语:the concert venue
搭配短语:the venue for the concert
span
/spæn/
v. 跨越
搭配短语:a career which spanned 60 years
词性拓展:span(n. 持续时间)
相关词汇:life span(n. 寿命;使用寿命)
unprofitable
/ʌnˈprɑː.fɪ.t̬ə.bəl/
adj. 不盈利的,亏本的
相关词汇:profit(n. 利润)
派生词:profitable(adj. 有利可图的)
词根词缀:un-(表否定)
shrink
/ʃrɪŋk/
v. 变小,减少;收缩,缩小
acute
/əˈkjuːt/
adj. 严重的;强烈的,剧烈的
近义词:serious
搭配短语:an acute / serious problem(严重的)
近义词:strong
搭配短语:acute pain / anxiety(强烈的,剧烈的)
drain
/dreɪn/
v. 消耗,使……失去;排出,(使)流出
搭配短语:drain the rice
例句:The long war had drained the resources of both countries.
revitalise
/ˌriːˈvaɪ.t̬əl.aɪz/
v. 使……复兴,给予……新的活力
相关词汇:vital(adj. 生机勃勃的,充满活力的)
相关词汇:vitalise / vitalize(v. 使……变得有活力)
搭配短语:revitalise the dry hair
搭配短语:revitalise the economy
discard
/dɪˈskɑːrd/
v. 抛弃,丢弃
词义辨析:abandon, discard
abandon 英文释义:to leave sb. or sth. especially which you are responsible for
discard 英文释义:get rid of something as no longer useful or desirable
具体区分:abandon 交代了一个简单的遗弃动作,即“遗弃曾经负有责任的某人或者某物”。而 discard 指"因为某物不再有用处、自己不想要了而将之遗弃“,这样的抛弃比起 abandon 要更深一层,因为它判定了被放弃的东西不再有价值。