第一周 综合英语学习梳理及感悟 UNIT 8 Cultural Encounters
New Words:
access[ˈækses]
n.通道，通路，入径
adjustment[əˈdʒʌstmənt]
n.调整，调节
afford[əˈfɔ:d]
v.买得起；（有时间）做，能做
approximate[əˈprɒksɪmət]
v.近似，接近
backpack[ˈbækpæk]
v.背包旅行
boundary[ˈbaʊndrɪ]
n.边界，界限，分界线
click[klɪk]
v.使发出咔嗒声，使咔嗒（或咔嚓）响
communications[kəˌmju:nɪˈkeɪʃnz]
n.通信系统
complacent[kəmˈpleɪsnt]
adj.自满的，自鸣得意的
compromise[ˈkɒmprəmaɪz]
n.妥协（或折中）方案
conference[ˈkɒnfərəns]
n.（通常持续几天的大型正式）会议，研讨会
despair[dɪˈspeə(r)]
n.绝望
enable[ɪˈneɪbl]
v.使能够，使有机会
essential[ɪˈsenʃl]
adj.完全必要的，必不可少的，极其重要的
facilitate[fəˈsɪlɪteɪt]
v.促进，促使，使便利
global[ˈgləʊbl]
adj.全球的，全世界的
head-on[ˈhedˌɔn]
adv.正面地，迎头地
hence[hens]
adv.因此，由此
hover[ˈhɒvə(r)]
v.靠近（某事物）；处于不稳定状态
hybrid[ˈhaɪbrɪd]
adj.混合的
intercultural[ˌɪntə'kʌltʃərəl]
adj.不同文化间的
involve[ɪnˈvɒlv]
v.包含，需要，使成为必然部分（或结果）
label[ˈleɪbl]
v.贴标签于，用标签标明
longing[ˈlɒŋɪŋ]
n.（尤指对得不到的东西的）渴望，热望，思慕
mentality[menˈtælətɪ]
n.心态，心性，思想状况
messaging['mesɪdʒɪŋ]
n.（通过电脑、电话或手机等实现的）信息发送
misgiving[ˌmɪsˈgɪvɪŋ]
n.疑虑，顾虑
mockingly[ˈmɒkɪŋlɪ]
adv.嘲弄地，取笑地
monolingual[ˌmɒnəˈlɪŋgwəl]
adj.单语的，只用一种语言的
multilingual[ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋgwəl]
adj.说（或用）多种语言的
oasis[əʊˈeɪsɪs]
n.（沙漠中的）绿洲
overlook[ˌəʊvəˈlʊk]
v.忽略，未注意到
profound[prəˈfaʊnd]
adj.巨大的；深切的；深远的
provided[prəˈvaɪdɪd]
conj.如果，假如，在⋯⋯条件下
regarding[rɪˈgɑ:dɪŋ]
prep.关于；至于
remote[rɪˈməʊt]
adj.偏远的，偏僻的
reveal[rɪˈvi:l]
v.显出，露出，展示
significantly[sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntlɪ]
adv.有重大意义地，显著地，明显地
spectrum[ˈspektrəm]
n.谱，光谱
staple[ˈsteɪpl]
adj.主要的，基本的，重要的
swallow[ˈswɒləʊ]
v.吞下，咽下
unaware[ˌʌnəˈweə(r)]
adj.不知道，没意识到，未察觉
unsurmountable[ˌʌnsəˈmaʊntəbl]
adj.无法克服的，难以解决的，不可逾越的
wonder[ˈwʌndə(r)]
v.想知道，想弄明白，琢磨
at one’s peril
自担风险
come up with
提出，想出
cut down on
削减，缩小（尺寸、数量或数目）
enter into
成为⋯⋯的一部分
regardless of
不管，不顾，不理会
Sentences
1. We live in an age of easy access to the rest of the world.(Paragraph 1) Translation: 我们生活在一个可以轻松到达世界其他地方的时代。
2. ... for many people learing English is an essential stepping stone on the road to success.(Paragraph 2)
Explanation: ... for many people the acquisition of English is basically a spring board towards their lifetime achievements.
A stepping stone is a means that helps you to progress towards achieving sth. especially in your work.
e.g. Students from various minority groups are intent on using education as a stepping stone to a better life.许多少数民族学生决心把教育当成通往更好生活的敲门砖。 Translation: 对许多人来说，学习英语是通往成功之路必不可少的踏脚石，
3. Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our peril. (Paragraph 3)
Paraphrase: There is a basic relationship between language and culture that is an integral part of society and one that is dangerous for us to ignore.
Translation: 最根本的是语言与文化之间的深远关系，它存在于社会的中心，忽视它必然会造成危险。
4. ... languages are so clearly culture-related (Paragraph 4)
Paraphrase: Languages are so clearly connected with a specific civilization or the state of cultural development of a particular people.
Translation:.....语言显然与文化紧密相关
5. ... given that whales are not given to swimming in warm, southern seas (Paragraph 5) Paraphrase: ... considering the fact that whales are not likely to swim in warm, southern seas Translation: ......考虑到鲸鱼不太可能出现在温暖的南部海域。
6. Faced with unsurmountable linguistic problems, translators negotiated the boundaries between languages and came up with a compromise.(Paragraph 5)
Paraphrase: Faced with the unconquerable linguistic problems, translators managed to deal with the differences between languages and thought of a version that was similar to the original in spirit.
Translation:面对不可逾越的语言障碍，译者打通语言之间的界限，并最终达成一个折中的方案。
7. When there are no words in another language for what you want to say, you make adjustments and try to approximate.(Paragraph 6)
Translation:如果另外一种语言里没有词语来表达你想要说的话，你就得做出调整，尽量贴近你想要表达的意思。
8.Communicating in another language involves not only linguistic skills, but the ability to think
differently, to enter into another culture's mentality and shape langunee accordingly. (Pangrph 7) Translation:用另一种语言交流不仅需要语言技巧，还要有用另一种方式思考的本领，也就是进入另一种文化思维状态并用相应的语言来表达的能力。
9. Those best placed to help that process may not be the ones with the latest technology and state of the art mobile phones, but those with the skills to understand what lies in, under and beyond the words spoken in many different languages.(Paragraph 8)
Paraphrase: Perhaps people who can promote the world peace process is not those who have the latest technology or use the most advanced mobile phones, but rather those who have mastered the techniques of understanding the literal, implicit and transcendental meanings of many different languages.
Translation: 最有助于促进世界和平进程的也许不是那些掌握最新技术或使用最先进的移动电话的人，而是那些掌握了理解许多不同语言的字面含义、隐含意义与超越词语本身意义的技巧的人。
My Lesson 我的感悟：
如何尊重他人文化：
了解和学习其他文化：了解学习其他文化的历史、价值观、传统、风俗和文化习俗。
保持开放的心态：尊重其他文化，接受文化的差异性，不将自己的文化视为优越或普遍适用。保持开放的心态，尊重其他人的信仰、生活方式和文化价值观。
避免贬低或批评其他文化：不在公共场合或与他人交流时批评或嘲笑其他文化的价值观或习俗。避免冒犯别人，破坏文化多样性的重要性。
尊重其他文化的知识产权：许多文化都拥有独特的知识产权和专有权。在使用其他文化的知识产权时，必须尊重其产权并遵循相关的法律和规定。
尊重其他人的个人隐私：在尝试了解其他文化时，要避免询问过于私人的问题或将对方的文化视为一种研究对象。要尊重他人的个人隐私和自主权。
以礼相待：在与其他文化的人互动时，要以礼相待并遵循当地的礼仪和惯例。尊重他们的传统、信仰和生活方式，友好相处。
How to respect the culture of others:
Understand and learn about other cultures: Understand and learn about the history, values, traditions, customs, and cultural customs of other cultures.
Maintain an open mindset: respect other cultures, accept cultural differences, and do not view one's own culture as superior or universally applicable. Maintain an open mindset and respect the beliefs, lifestyles, and cultural values of others.
Avoid belittling or criticizing other cultures: Criticizing or mocking the values or customs of other cultures when not in public or in communication with others. The importance of avoiding offending others and undermining cultural diversity.
Respect the intellectual property rights of other cultures: Many cultures have unique intellectual property and exclusive rights. When using intellectual property rights of other cultures, it is necessary to respect their property rights and comply with relevant laws and regulations.
Respect the personal privacy of others: When trying to understand other cultures, avoid asking overly personal questions or treating their culture as a research object. Respect the personal privacy and autonomy of others.
Treat others with courtesy: When interacting with people from other cultures, treat them with courtesy and follow local etiquette and customs. Respect their traditions, beliefs, and way of life, and get along friendly.
