IV. The Great Reconstruction
1. THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING
1.《学术的进展》
To produce works, one must have knowledge.
如果要想有成就，必须掌握知识。
培根对知识的贡献是非常大的。
要尊敬知识。
如：远征军。
王阳明带兵打仗也很厉害。
"Nature cannot be commanded except by being obeyed.”
“自然是不受人控制的，所以必须顺从自然。”
Let us learn the laws of nature, and we shall be her masters, as we are now, in ignorance, her thralls; science is the road to utopia.
我们只有认识自然法则，才能成为它的主人；而我们现在的一个表现，是非常无知，没有任何变化，是自然的一个奴隶；科学是通往乌托邦之路。
柏拉图是提出改造社会，只有从培根这第一次提出要改造科学。
But in what condition this road is—tortuous, unlit, turning back upon itself, lost in useless by-paths, and leading not to light but to chaos.
然而，现在这条路是多么崎岖、黑暗，什么时候才能通往乌托邦呢？它时常令人迷失方向、走入歧途。
（但是这是唯一一条通往乌托邦的路，所以我们还是要往前进）
Let us then begin by making a survey of the state of the sciences, and marking out for them their proper and distinctive fields; let us "seat the sciences each in its proper place"; examine their defects, their needs, and their possibilities; indicate the new problems that await their light; and in general "open and stir the earth a little about the roots" of them.
所以我们要做整个科学的一个普查，并且标识出他们合适的特殊的领域分类；“将科学各就其位”；探究它们的缺点、需求及发展可能趋势；并且罗列它们尚未解决的问题。总体上来说“像翻地一样，挖开，搅动，在根周围”为他们松松土。
This is the task which Bacon set himself in The Advancement of Learning.
这就是培根在《学术的发展》中自己给自己布置的任务。
"It is my intention," he writes, like a king entering his realm, "to make the circuit of knowledge, noticing what parts lie waste and uncultivated, and abandoned by the industry of man; with a view to engage, by a faithful mapping out of the deserted tracts, the energies of public and private persons in their improvement."
“这就是我的目的”，他写道，如同一位国王走在自己的领土上，他写道：“巡查一下知识，瞧瞧哪些土地是浪费，没有经过培育，尚未开垦，哪些土地已被荒废，如果我们有了这么宏观的一个视野，一边真实地测画地图，公众还是私人的能量去做自我的更新，从而对它们进行提升。”
improvement
培根的哲学观点和宋明理学非常相似-格物致知。
培根对人心灵的洞察是非常清楚的。一般老百姓就是渣渣，因为他们没有improvement的工具，所以要让一棒子精英绘制出地图，这样老百姓才敢走，有了知识可能就会行动起来。
He would be the royal surveyor of the weed-grown soil, making straight the road, and dividing the fields among the laborers.
他将是这片荒地的皇家测量员，他会修正道路，将土地分给有心耕耘的人们。
背后在说培根在做科学分类。
But Bacon was still young enough (forty-two is young in a philosopher) to plan great voyages.
不过培根当时还很年轻，尽管可以规划远大前景，但这是一个大胆而略显狂妄的计划。
"I have taken all knowledge to be my province," he had written to Burghley in 1592; not meaning that he would make himself a premature edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, but implying merely that his work would bring him into every field, as the critic and coördinator of every science in the task of social reconstruction.
“我已将我所有的知识归于我的领土，”1592年，他在给伯利的信中说道；他并非想成为一本早熟的《不列颠百科全书》，他仅仅暗示着他的工作可以把他带入每一个科学领域，作为社会重建任务中各门科学的批评者与组织者。
语言点
chaos: n. 混乱
distinctive: adj. 特殊的
uncultivated: adj. 未经培育的
surveyor: n. 调查员
