1、查找/var目录下不属于root、lp、gdm的所有文件
[root@centos7 ~]#find /var ! \( -user root -o -user lp -o -user gdm \)
2、统计/etc/init.d/functions文件中每个单词的出现次数，并排序（用grep和sed两种方法分别实现）
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/init.d/functions | sed -r 's@[^[:alpha:]]+@\n@g'|sort |uniq -c |sort -n
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/init.d/functions | grep -o '[[:alpha:]]*'|sort |uniq -c|sort -n
3、利用sed取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址
[root@centos7 ~]#ifconfig | sed -nr '2s/.*inet (addr:)?([^ ]+).*/\2/p'
[root@centos7 ~]#ifconfig |sed -nr '2s/[^0-9]+([.0-9]+).*/\1/p'
4、总结yum的配置和使用，包括yum仓库的创建
yum（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是rhel系列系统上rpm包管理器的前端工具；基於RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。yum提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简洁而又好记。
yum支持的服务器有两种：一种是ftp服务器，第二种是http服务器；
使用yum：
首先要有yum工具；
第二，要有yum仓库的配置文件；
第三，yum仓库要存在，或自建yum仓库；
yum仓库称为yum repository：yum repo
存储了众多的rpm包，以及包的相关的元数据文件（放置于特定目录下：repodata目录）；
yum是C/S架构，是rpm的前端工具，依赖于rpm存在的；
yum客户端：
配置文件：
/etc/yum.conf：
主配置文件，为所有仓库提供公共配置或不属于仓库的配置；
一个yum客户端可以指向一个或n个仓库（如一个仓库存储的是基本程序包，一个仓库存储的是扩展程序包，一个仓库存储是第三方程序包），当安装程序包时，yum同时分析多个仓库，从中找出版本最新的安装，同一类仓库可以使用多个镜像，不同类的仓库可以同时指向n个，yum同时指向多个，当多个仓库中都存在某个程序包且版本都一样，则要使用自定义的cost开销，从而优先使用自定义的仓库；
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo：
多个repo文件用来指向多仓库的配置文件，为仓库的指向提供配置信息；
一个repo文件也可以定义多个仓库，没必要切分成多个，只不过为了便于管理切割成了多个repo，只要文件不以.repo结尾，就不会被yum所使用；
yum命令的用法：
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
command is one of:
* install package1 [package2] [...]
* update [package1] [package2] [...]
* update-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* check-update
* upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
* upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]
* remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
* list [...]
* info [...]
* provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
* clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
* makecache
* groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
* groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
* grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
* groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
* groupinfo group1 [...]
* search string1 [string2] [...]
* shell [filename]
* resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]
* localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
* localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
* reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
* downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
* deplist package1 [package2] [...]
* repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
* version [ all | installed | available | group-* | nogroups* | grouplist |
groupinfo ]
* history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-
info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]
* load-transaction [txfile]
* check
* help [command]
* clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
* makecache
* groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
* groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
* grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
* groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
* groupinfo group1 [...]
* search string1 [string2] [...]
* shell [filename]
* resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]
* localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
* localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
* reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
* downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
* deplist package1 [package2] [...]
* repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
* version [ all | installed | available | group-* | nogroups* | grouplist |
groupinfo ]
* history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-
info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]
* load-transaction [txfile]
* check
* help [command]
显示仓库列表：
yum repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
all：显示所有仓库；
enabled：仅显示启用的仓库；（默认）
disabled：仅显示禁用的仓库；
用法：
]# yum repolist
yum install 安装
yum groupinstall 组安装
yum remove 卸载
yum groupremove 组卸载
yum list 显示所有包
yum clean all 清除缓存
yum makecache 建立缓存
yum仓库目录/etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS7.6搭建本地yum库：
[root@localhost ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 104806400 5056748 99749652 5% /
devtmpfs 915784 0 915784 0% /dev
tmpfs 931624 0 931624 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 931624 10776 920848 2% /run
tmpfs 931624 0 931624 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 52403200 32992 52370208 1% /app
/dev/sda1 1038336 178092 860244 18% /boot
tmpfs 186328 4 186324 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 186328 48 186280 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 10491772 10491772 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
ntOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
▽oot@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
bak CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim base.repo
[base]
name=cdrom repo
baseurl=file:///run/media/root/CentOS\ 7\ x86_64 ：空格记得转义
gpgcheck=0
~
~
"base.repo" 4L, 83C written
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): base/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): base/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:00
repo id repo name status
base cdrom repo 10,019
repolist: 10,019
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
5、编写系统初始化脚本reset.sh，包括别名，提示符颜色，yum仓库配置文件
第一步：实现root用户免密码自动登陆
vim /etc/gdm/custom.conf
在[daemon]下增加
AutomaticLoginEnable=True
AutomaticLogin=root
第二步：开机后执行这个脚本
[root@localhost ~]#cat reset.sh
!/bin/bash
初始化系统脚本
echo "alias net='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/'" >> /root/.bashrc
echo "PS1='[\e[1;35m][\u@\h \W]\$[\e[0m]'" >>/etc/profile.d/env.sh
该脚本用于自动化搭建本地yum仓库
挂载光盘
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/：因为是本地yum库 所以要先将其他的.repo文件移走避免出现影响
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt &>/dev/null
搭建本地仓库
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
cat >>base.repo<<OK
[base]
name=yum
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
OK
清空yum缓存
echo "正在清除yum缓存...."
yum clean all &>/dev/null
yum makecache &>/dev/null
echo "yum缓存清除结束!"
6、安装tree，ftp，lftp，telnet等包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install tree
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 base 46 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 46 k
Installed size: 87 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ftp -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ftp.x86_64 0:0.17-67.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================
Installing:
ftp x86_64 0.17-67.el7 base 61 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 61 k
Installed size: 96 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
ftp.x86_64 0:0.17-67.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# yum install lftp -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package lftp.x86_64 0:4.4.8-11.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================
Installing:
lftp x86_64 4.4.8-11.el7 base 752 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 752 k
Installed size: 2.4 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : lftp-4.4.8-11.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : lftp-4.4.8-11.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
lftp.x86_64 0:4.4.8-11.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# yum install telnet -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package telnet.x86_64 1:0.17-64.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================
Installing:
telnet x86_64 1:0.17-64.el7 base 64 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 64 k
Installed size: 113 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : 1:telnet-0.17-64.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : 1:telnet-0.17-64.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
telnet.x86_64 1:0.17-64.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
7、在CentOS7上编译安装apache2.4源码包，并启动此服务
安装依赖包：
yum install -y gcc gcc++ zlib zlib-devel expat-devel pcre-devel ：编译包
准备好以下3个包：
apr-1.6.5.tar
apr-util-1.6.1.tar
httpd-2.4.37.tar
安装apr：
tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd apr-1.6.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
安装apr-util：
tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
cd apr-util-1.6.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
安装httpd：
tar xf httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz
[root@localhost tmp]# cd httpd-2.4.29
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# make && make install
启动Apache：
cd /usr/local/apache/bin/
./apachectl start :开启:start 停止:stop 重启:restart
修改iptables允许访问80端口：
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
设置开机自动开启apache：
首先将/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl 复制到/etc/init.d/目录下
cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/rc.d/init.d/
vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/apachectl
#!/bin/sh：下添加下面两句命令
#chkconfig: 234 20 80
#description: apache
将apachectl添加到系统服务并设置开机启动：
chkconfig --add apachectl
chkconfig apachectl on
systemctl status apachectl:正常管理到apachectl服务