Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge.
人的行为源于三种动力：欲望、情感和认知。
#源于--flow from
希望大家都尽可能地在knowledge而不是desire或者emotion的指导下生活，为此本期「哲学专栏」要赏析的就是《The Republic of Plato》，即柏拉图的《理想国》。本期推送先简要介绍下这本书。
Since the mid-nineteenth century, the Republic has been Plato’s most famous and widely read dialogue. As in most other Platonic dialogues the main character is Socrates. It is generally accepted that the Republic belongs to the dialogues of Plato’s middle period. In Plato’s early dialogues, Socrates refutes the accounts of his interlocutors and the discussion ends with no satisfactory answer to the matter investigated. In the Republic however, we encounter Socrates developing a position on justice and its relation to eudaimonia (happiness). He provides a long and complicated, but unified argument, in defense of the just life and its necessary connection to the happy life.
译文：
自 19 世纪中叶以来，《理想国》是柏拉图最著名、最广为人知的对话体巨作。和其他柏拉图对话体书籍类似，对话的主角都是苏格拉底。《共和国》被普遍认为是柏拉图中期的成果。在柏拉图的早期著作中，书中的苏格拉底往往驳斥了对话者们的很多观点，但是这种对话却以无满意答案而告终。而在《理想国》中，我们遇到苏格拉底会就正义及其幸福的关系提出明确的立场。他提供了一个长而复杂，但十分完整的论点，为正义的生活及其与幸福生活的必要联系而辩护。
#广为人知--It is generally accepted that
#结束--end with
#提出观点--develop a position on，provide
The dialogue explores two central questions. The first question is “what is justice?” Socrates addresses this question both in terms of political communities and in terms of the individual person or soul. He does this to address the second and driving question of the dialogue: “is the just person happier than the unjust person?” or “what is the relation of justice to happiness?” Given the two central questions of the discussion, Plato’s philosophical concerns in the dialogue are ethical and political. In order to address these two questions, Socrates and his interlocutors construct a just city in speech, the Kallipolis.
译文：
苏格拉底的对话探讨了两个核心问题。第一个问题是“什么是正义？”苏格拉底从政治共同体和个人或灵魂的角度解决了这个问题。第二个重要问题是：“正义的人比不正义的人更快乐吗？”或者“正义与幸福的关系是什么？”。围绕这两个核心问题，柏拉图在对话中主要的哲学的关注是伦理和政治。为了解决这两个问题，苏格拉底和他的对话者们在对话过程中构建了一个公正城市，即卡利波利斯。
#关键问题：driving question
They do this in order to explain what justice is and then they proceed to illustrate justice by analogy in the human soul. On the way to defending the just life, Socrates considers a tremendous variety of subjects such as several rival theories of justice, competing views of human happiness, education, the nature and importance of philosophy and philosophers, knowledge, the structure of reality, the Forms, the virtues and vices, good and bad souls, good and bad political regimes, the family, the role of women in society, the role of art in society, and even the afterlife. This wide scope of the dialogue presents various interpretative difficulties and has resulted in thousands of scholarly works. In order to attempt to understand the dialogue’s argument as a whole one is required to grapple with these subjects.
译文：
他们这样做是为了解释什么是正义，然后才方便继续通过人类灵魂中的类比来说明正义。在捍卫正义生活的道路上，苏格拉底考虑了各种各样的主题，例如几种相互竞争的正义理论、人类幸福的相互竞争观点、教育、哲学和哲学家的本质和重要性、知识、现实的结构、形式，美德与恶习，好与坏的灵魂，好与坏的政治制度，家庭，女性在社会中的作用，艺术在社会中的作用，甚至来世。这种广泛的对话带来了各种解释上的困难，也催生了数以千计的学术著作。为了从整体上理解对话的论点，需要努力理解这些话题。
#各种各样的：a tremendous variety of
#相反的观点：rival theories of，competing views of
#短词的优美性：the virtues and vices，good and bad souls等等
#explore，present
#与抗争：grapple with
最后赏析一句文中的经典句子：
Every heart sings a song, incomplete, until another heart whispers back.
每一颗心都讴歌着一首残缺的曲子，直到收到另一颗心的和鸣。
Those who wish to sing always find a song.
心怀讴歌的人迟早能寻到属于自己的曲子。
At the touch of a lover, everyone becomes a poet.
当所爱之人的身姿映在瞳中时，世人皆成诗人。
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