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部分原文或图片链接：
Lymphoid Cell Line: Types, Production, and Complications (verywellhealth.com)
Immunology: What Cells Have a Myeloid Lineage and How Are they Identified? (cellsignal.com)
Myeloid Cell Line: Types and Overview (verywellhealth.com)
Difference Between Myeloid and Lymphoid Cells | Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms

Hematopoiesis

The production of all "blood cells" begins in the bone marrow in a process known as hematopoiesis. In this process, all types of blood cells originate from a hematopoietic stem cell. This original cell, also called a multipotent stem cell, can be likened to Adam in the bible, as the "father cell" from which all other blood cells are spawned. These cells are also called pluripotent stem cells, meaning they have the potential to become many different types of cells.
The first specialization of cells occurs when this pluripotent cell follows one of two development pathways called cell lines. The pluripotent stem cell can differentiate into either the myeloid cell line or the lymphoid cell line.

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Myeloid Lineage Cells

Myeloid cells are a type of daughter cells produced by hematopoietic stem cells. Myeloid cells are progenitor cells of different types of cells. They produce many different types of blood cells including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, dendritic cells, megakaryocytes, and platelets. Myeloid cells originate in bone marrows. They act quickly to kill foreign particles which can infect the body and alert the lymphoid cells for further defense mechanisms.

To date, as many as 25 distinct myeloid lineage cells have been characterized, each performing a unique role in mounting an immune response. The ability to identify and quantify each of the myeloid subtypes is essential for understanding why different populations are activated in response to certain pathogens and how they contribute to the resolution of an immune challenge.
Major lineage branches derived from common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) include the genesis of:

Megakaryocytes, which produce the platelets necessary for normal blood clotting
Erythrocytes(red blood cells), responsible for carrying oxygen to tissues
Mast cells, best known for their participation in allergic response through the release of histamine
Myeloblasts, which give rise to a series of granulocytes — including basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils
Monoblasts, which serve as progenitors for monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Each terminal effector cell type — the end product of each branch of the myeloid lineage— participates in the immune response in a unique way. For example, act in many inflammatory reactions and secrete the anticoagulant heparin to slow the formation of blood clots. are well known for their role in combating parasitic and viral infections through their release of major basic proteins and ribonucleases. , the most abundant granulocyte, are front-line responders to sites of inflammation and infection and are able to attack and remove invading microorganisms through phagocytosis. are present in most tissues and recognize foreign antigens and damaged cells for immediate destruction via phagocytosis, a process that can also lead to antigen presentation and the activation of other immune cells. Upon tissue injury or pathogen infection, in the blood are recruited to the affected tissue and differentiate into . cells have the capacity to engulf cellular and foreign material by phagocytosis which is then processed for presentation as antigens to T Cells. As such, dendritic cells serve to relay information about pathogens between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
Monocytes are the largest type of white blood cells found in the immune system. Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell type found in the blood stream. *Macrophages8 are a type of white blood cells that eat cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells and anything else that does not belong to a healthy body. Mast cells and basophils are white blood cells that are involved in allergic reactions. They contain granules filled with heparin and histamine. Erythrocytes are red blood cells which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues. Dendritic cells are a type of white blood cells which are popular as antigen presenting cells. Eosinophils are white blood cells that play an important role in the body’s response to allergic reactions, asthma, and parasitic infections. Platelets are small colourless disc-shaped cell fragments found in the blood that are important in blood clotting.

Lymphoid Stem Cell - Lymphoblast

The lymphoid cell line begins with a lymphoid stem cell, also known as a lymphoblast or lymphoid progenitor cell. This is a major fork in the road as all cells in this line begin with a lymphoid progenitor cell, whereas all cells in the myeloid line (such as neutrophils, macrophages, and red blood cells) begin with a myeloid progenitor cell.

Lymphoid Cell Line Cells

The lymphoid progenitor cell (lymphoblast) can subsequently differentiate further into more specialized cells which include:

• B lymphocytes - B lymphocytes or "B cells work to protect your body from infections by producing antibodies.
• T lymphocytes - T lymphocytes, or "T cells" are cells in the immune system that find, kill, and organize a war against foreign matter such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells.
• Natural killer cell - Natural killer cells are aggressive cells of the immune system that act to eliminate cancer cells and virus-infected cells.

Lymphoid stem cells are produced by hematopoietic stem cells. Lymphoid cells are the daughter cells of lymphoid stem cells. Lymphoid cells move around the body in the lymph and act more slowly to kill infections specifically. Lymphoid cells produce three main immune cells named T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. Natural killer cells recognize and destroy altered cells or cells that have been infected by viruses. B cells produce antibodies which work on bacteria and viruses and neutralize them. There are two types of T cells. One type of T cells produce cytokines that induce the immune response and the second type produces granules that are responsible for the death of infected cells. Lymphocytes, mainly T and B cells produce memory cells which provide long lasting immunity against that specific pathogen.

Key Difference – Myeloid vs Lymphoid Cells

Lymphoid stem cells give rise to lymphocytes, which specifically identify foreign molecules and cells. The myeloid stem cells give rise to all other blood cells, including red blood cells. This is the key difference between myeloid and lymphoid cells.