* 用英语自身来理解和学习英语是最好的方式，《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列，这一系列的文章力求帮助大家在英语阅读能力上有所提升，并树立英语思维；

* 推荐的阅读的方法是：先原文，适当看解析阅读，还有疑惑再看双语对照。

* 解析中英语单词的音标使用Dictcom和IPA双音标标注，如果需要了解Dictcom音标，请参看我们的《dictionary.com所用的音标体系》一文。

* 本篇文章难度系数7.7，由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析系统提供评分。

Why do kids struggle with the volume of their voice?

【译】为什么孩子们在音量上总是很努力？

【单词】kids 原型：kid [kid][kɪd] n. 小孩；年轻人

【单词】struggle ['struhg-uhl]['strʌɡl] vi. 努力；奋斗；斗争；挣扎

It seems like every kid I've ever met has to scream everything at every one.

【译】好像我见过的每个孩子都会对每个人、每件事尖叫。

【单词】scream [skreem][skriːm] v. 尖叫；发出大而尖的声音

I taught elementary school, and noticed that they seem to have no idea how loud they are talking at any given time.

【译】我在小学教书，注意到他们似乎不知道自己在任何时候说话的声音有多大。

【单词】taught 原型：teach [teech][tiːtʃ] vt. 教；教导；教授；教训

【单词】elementary [el-uh-'men-tuh-ree, -tree][ˌelɪ'mentri] adj. 基本的；初级的；元素的；elementary  school是指小学，相当于primary school

【单词】noticed 原型：notice ['noh-tis]['nəʊtɪs] vt. 注意；留心

【单词】loud [loud][laʊd] adv. 大声地；响亮地

Kids are far less self-aware than adults.

【译】孩子们的自我克制方面远不如成年人。

【单词】self-aware 名词 adj. 自知的；自明的；有自知之明的

【单词】adults 原型：adult [uh-'duhlt, 'ad-uhlt]['ædʌlt] n. 成年人

This is why you'll see them doing things like "sneaking" to get a cookie while you're watching them and it's quite obvious that you are and that they aren't being very sneaky at all.

【译】这就是为什么你会看到他们做类似“偷偷摸摸”地拿饼干之类的事，当你在看他们的时候，很明显你在“偷偷摸摸”，他们却一点也不偷偷摸摸。

【单词】sneaking 原型：sneak [sneek][sniːk] vt. 偷偷摸摸做 vi. 偷偷地走；偷偷地做，鬼鬼祟祟地做

【单词】cookie ['koo k-ee]['kʊki] n. 饼干

【单词】watching 原型：watch [woch][wɒtʃ] v. 注视；看守；观看

【单词】obvious ['ob-vee-uhs]['ɒbviəs] adj. 明显的；显然的

【单词】sneaky ['snee-kee]['sniːki] adj. 鬼祟的

Or, like, picking their noses in public or some such.

【译】或者，在公共场合抠鼻子之类的。

【单词】picking 原型：pick [pik][pɪk] v. 拾；捡

【单词】noses 原型：nose [nohz][nəʊz] n. 鼻子

Children also lack a fully developed brain, especially the part of the brain that does behavioral control.

【译】儿童也缺乏发育完善的大脑，特别是大脑中负责行为控制的部分。

【单词】fully ['foo l-ee, 'foo l-lee]['fʊli] adv. 十分地；完全地；全部；足足

【单词】developed 原型：develop [dih-'vel-uh p][dɪ'veləp] v. 发展；发育；开发

【单词】brain [breyn][breɪn] n. 脑；智力

【单词】behavioral [bih-'heyv-yer][bɪ'heɪvjərəl] adj. 行为的

This is why a kid will just burst out crying or start hitting another kid, often with little to no reason.

【译】这就是为什么一个孩子会突然大哭或者开始打另一个孩子，通常没有理由。

【单词】burst [burst][bɜːst] v. 爆裂；迸发；爆发

【单词】crying 原型：cry [krahy][kraɪ] v. 哭；(大声)叫喊

【单词】hitting 原型：hit [hit][hɪt] vi. 打（击）；袭击；达到 vt. 要求；打（击）；碰撞

This lack of behavioral control (and emotional regulation) means that kids will get excited and they literally won't be able to moderate their emotional response which feeds into their behavior, which they also won't be able to regulate, which leads to loud voices.

【译】缺乏行为控制（和情绪调节）意味着孩子们会变得兴奋，他们实际上无法调节情绪反应，而情绪反应又会影响到他们的行为，他们也无法调节，这会导致大声喧哗。

【单词】emotional [ih-'moh-shuh-nl][ɪ'məʊʃənl] adj. 感情的；情绪的

【单词】regulation [reg-yuh-'ley-shuhn][ˌreɡju'leɪʃn] n. 管理；规章；规则

【单词】excited [ik-'sahy-tid][ɪk'saɪtɪd] adj. 感到兴奋的；激动的

【单词】literally ['lit-er-uh-lee]['lɪtərəli] adv. 逐字地；按照字面上地；不夸张地；正确地；简直

【单词】moderate ['mod-uh-reyt]['mɒdərət]  v. 节制；使... 稳定，使 ... 缓和

【单词】feeds 原型：feed [feed][fiːd] vt. vi. 向 ... 提供；吃饲料；进餐

【单词】behavior [bih-'heyv-yer][bɪ'heɪvjə] n. 行为；举止；习性；态度

【单词】regulate ['reg-yuh-leyt]['reɡjuleɪt] vt. 调整；校准；管理；控制

Last of all, kids are still learning things.

【译】最后，孩子们还在学习中。

【单词】learning 原型：learn [lurn][lɜːn] v. 学会；学习；得知

While it seems obvious that you use your inside voice when you're inside, kids often have to go through a process of learning (meaning lots of mistakes and corrections and feedback) before they learn what is and is not acceptable in any situation, especially novel situations.

【译】当你在室内的时候，很明显你会使用你在室内的声音（轻声），但孩子们在学习各种情况下，尤其是在比较新奇的情境中，通常都要经历一个学习的过程（意味着很多错误、纠正和反馈）。

【短语】inside voice 轻声（一般指在室内应该用的声音，如果是指内心的声音，应该用inner voice）；例句：How many times have you told a child to use their ‘inside voice’? 有多少次你让孩子轻声？

【单词】mistakes 原型：mistake [mi-'steyk][mɪ'steɪk] n. 错误；误会；过失

【单词】corrections 原型：correction [kuh-'rek-shuhn][kə'rekʃn] n. 订正；改正；惩罚

【单词】feedback ['feed-bak]['fiːdbæk] n. 反馈；反馈意见

【单词】acceptable [ak-'sep-tuh-buh l][ək'septəbl] adj. 合意的；受欢迎的；可接受的

【单词】novel ['nov-uhl]['nɒvl] adj. 新奇的（这里不是小说的意思）

Obviously this depends on things like the temperament of the child in question and especially their age and level of development.

【译】显然，这取决于孩子的性格之类的东西，还特别是与他们的年龄和成熟程度有关。

【单词】Obviously 原型：obviously 副词 ['ɒbviəsli] adv. 显然地

【单词】depends 原型：depend [dih-'pend][dɪ'pend] vi. 依赖；依靠；取决于

【单词】temperament ['tem-per-uh-muhnt]['temprəmənt] n. 气质；性情

I think these are all good points but one more is the concept of competition.

【译】我认为这些都是很好的观点，但还有一点是有点争议的概念。

【单词】concept ['kon-sept]['kɒnsept] n. 观念；概念；想法

【单词】competition [kom-pi-'tish-uhn][ˌkɒmpə'tɪʃn] n. 竞争；比赛

In preschool they are in a big group for the first time and when they want to be heard in a large group of similarly aged children they only have a few tools, one of which is to simply be way louder to get the teachers attention.

【译】在幼儿园里，他们第一次成为一个大群体，当他们想在一大群年龄相仿的孩子中听到他们的声音时，他们只有几个办法，其中之一就是提高音量以引起老师的注意。

【单词】preschool [adjective 'pree-'skool; noun 'pree-skool]['priːskuːl] adj. 未满学龄的；就学前的 n. 育幼院；幼稚园

【单词】similarly ['sim-uh-ler]['sɪmələli] adv. 相似地；类似地

【单词】tools 原型：tool [tool][tuːl] n. 工具；用具；手段

【单词】louder 原型：loud 形容词比较级，更大声

That's a really good contribution.

【译】这些观点真是很有帮助。

【单词】contribution [kon-truh-'byoo-shuhn][ˌkɒntrɪ'bjuːʃn] n. 贡献

I'm sure that anyone can attest to the fact that when you're in a space where people are speaking loudly you also compensate naturally, which leads to others nearby also increasing their volume, and this can create a positive feedback loop of increasingly loud voices when it's a group situation in a confined space.

【译】我相信任何人都能证明这样一个事实：当你身处一个人们大声说话的空间时，你也会自然而然地进行补偿（提高音量），这会导致附近的其他人也增加音量，这会在密闭空间中形成一个声音越来越大的恶性循环。

【单词】attest [uh-'test][ə'test] v. 证明；作证

【单词】loudly [loud][laʊdli] adv. 大声地；高声地

【单词】compensate ['kom-puhn-seyt]['kɒmpenseɪt] v. 补偿；赔偿

【单词】naturally ['nach-er-uh-lee, -uhl-lee]['nætʃrəli] adv. 自然地；天生地

【单词】nearby ['neer-'bahy][ˌnɪə'baɪ] adj. 附近的 adv. 在附近

【单词】create [kree-'eyt][kri'eɪt] v. 创造；造成

【单词】positive ['poz-i-tiv]['pɒzətɪv] adj. 肯定的；明确的；正数的；阳性的

【单词】loop [loop][luːp] n. 循环，环；圈；回路；环形线路

【单词】increasingly [in-'kree-sing][ɪn'kriːsɪŋli] adv. 逐渐地；越来越多地

【单词】confined 原型：confine [kuhn-'fahyn][kən'faɪn] vt. 限制；禁闭