上句见：Day294
The Story of Philosophy《哲学的故事》第1章Plato第5节V. The Political Problem第3段第7句：

He answers, because of greed and luxury. Men are not content with a simple life: they are acquisitive, ambitious, competitive, and jealous; they soon tire of what they have, and pine for what they have not; and they seldom desire anything unless it belongs to others. The result is the encroachment of one group upon the territory of another, the rivalry of groups for the resources of the soil, and then war. Trade and finance develop, and bring new class-divisions. "Any ordinary city is in fact two cities, one the city of the poor, the other of the rich, each at war with the other; and in either division there are smaller ones — you would make a great mistake if you treated them as single states"(423). A mercantile bourgeoisie arises, whose members seek social position through wealth and conspicuous consumption:"they will spend large sums of money on their wives"(548). These changes in the distribution of wealth produce political changes: as the wealth of the merchant over-reaches that of the land-owner, aristocracy gives way to a plutocratic oligarchy — wealthy traders and bankers rule the state. Then statesmanship, which is the coordination of social forces and the adjustment of policy to growth, is replaced by politics, which is the strategy of party and the lust for the spoils of office.
浙江大学译本：财富分配的变化导致政治格局的改变：随着商人阶级的财富逐渐超过土地所有者的财富，贵族政体便让位于富人操控的寡头政体——富有的商人和银行家成为城邦的统治者。

解析

1、These changes in the distribution of wealth produce political changes:
财富分配的这些变化引发了政治变革：

2、as the wealth of the merchant over-reaches that of the land-owner, aristocracy gives way to a plutocratic oligarchy — wealthy traders and bankers rule the state.
随着商人的财富超过地主，贵族政治让位于财阀寡头——富有的商人和银行家统治成为城邦的统治者。
plutocrat: a person who has power because of great wealth 富豪；财阀
plutocratic：富豪的；财阀的；有钱有势的
And Mr Beard fails to notice the way public schools have reinvented themselves to serve a new plutocratic elite, a group both more sentimental about its children and less tied to the nation state.比尔德先生没有注意到 公立学校自我革新以服务新富豪精英阶层的方式，这个阶层既对自己的孩子更富有感情，又与国家的联系没那么紧密。《经济学人—文艺》

这句指出了财阀寡头代替了贵族政治。这种政治形式集财富与权力于一起，使得他们既是裁判又是运动员，拉大了两极分化。

财富分配的这些变化引发了政治变革：随着商人的财富超过地主，贵族政治让位于财阀寡头——富有的商人和银行家统治成为城邦的统治者。