解决问题
使发令者与执行者之间相分离。
应用场景
比如后台开发过程中的请求数据库、RPC接口等。通常情况下,我们会将请求逻辑(参数封装、结果解析、异常控制等)交给请求方控制,这样会导致代码逻辑十分混乱,业务逻辑与接口请求逻辑混杂在一起。
原理图
Client:调用方
Receiver:这个可有可无,主要做回调。获取concreteCommand的执行结果,返回给客户端
ConcreteCommand:具体命令执行者
Command:抽象类或者接口(一般情况是抽象类,用于封装通用逻辑)
Caller:被调用的接口(一个或多个)
示例
这个的代码写得太多了,就不再举了,借用wikipedia的例子吧。
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
/** The Command interface */
public interface Command {
void execute();
}
/** The Invoker class */
public class Switch {
private List<Command> history = new ArrayList<Command>();
public void storeAndExecute(final Command cmd) {
this.history.add(cmd); // optional
cmd.execute();
}
}
/** The Receiver class */
public class Light {
public void turnOn() {
System.out.println("The light is on");
}
public void turnOff() {
System.out.println("The light is off");
}
}
/** The Command for turning on the light - ConcreteCommand #1 */
public class FlipUpCommand implements Command {
private Light theLight;
public FlipUpCommand(final Light light) {
this.theLight = light;
}
@Override // Command
public void execute() {
theLight.turnOn();
}
}
/** The Command for turning off the light - ConcreteCommand #2 */
public class FlipDownCommand implements Command {
private Light theLight;
public FlipDownCommand(final Light light) {
this.theLight = light;
}
@Override // Command
public void execute() {
theLight.turnOff();
}
}
/* The test class or client */
public class PressSwitch {
public static void main(final String[] arguments){
// Check number of arguments
if (arguments.length != 1) {
System.err.println("Argument \"ON\" or \"OFF\" is required.");
System.exit(-1);
}
final Light lamp = new Light();
final Command switchUp = new FlipUpCommand(lamp);
final Command switchDown = new FlipDownCommand(lamp);
final Switch mySwitch = new Switch();
switch(arguments[0]) {
case "ON":
mySwitch.storeAndExecute(switchUp);
break;
case "OFF":
mySwitch.storeAndExecute(switchDown);
break;
default:
System.err.println("Argument \"ON\" or \"OFF\" is required.");
System.exit(-1);
}
}
}
解释一下,Switch相当于是原理图Client,并没有使用Receiver