NOTE
1. interface 可被 struct 等继承 （animalI = catT, catT 实现所有animalI的方法）
2. 了解规则：最好使用new()生成指针类
type-switch 类型选择
1. 介绍interface的用处
https://github.com/astaxie/build-web-application-with-golang/blob/master/zh/02.6.md
- Comma-ok断言 判断类型 element.(T)
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strconv"
)
type Element interface{}
type List []Element
type Person struct {
name string
age int
}
//打印
func (p Person) String() string {
return "(name: " + p.name + " - age: "+strconv.Itoa(p.age)+ " years)"
}
func main() {
list := make(List, 3)
list[0] = 1 //an int
list[1] = "Hello" //a string
list[2] = Person{"Dennis", 70}
for index, element := range list{
switch value := element.(type) {
case int:
fmt.Printf("list[%d] is an int and its value is %d\n", index, value)
case string:
fmt.Printf("list[%d] is a string and its value is %s\n", index, value)
case Person:
fmt.Printf("list[%d] is a Person and its value is %s\n", index, value)
default:
fmt.Println("list[%d] is of a different type", index)
}
}
}
例如io标准库
// io.ReadWriter
// Reader和Writer两个 interface
type ReadWriter interface {
Reader
Writer
}
类型断言
#NOTE：如果忽略 areaIntf.(*Square) 中的 * 号，会导致编译错误：impossible type assertion: Square does not implement Shaper (Area method has pointer receiver)。
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math"
)
type Square struct {
side float32
}
type Circle struct {
radius float32
}
type Shaper interface {
Area() float32
}
func main() {
var areaIntf Shaper
sq1 := new(Square)
sq1.side = 5
areaIntf = sq1
// Is Square the type of areaIntf?
if t, ok := areaIntf.(*Square); ok {
fmt.Printf("The type of areaIntf is: %T\n", t)
}
if u, ok := areaIntf.(*Circle); ok {
fmt.Printf("The type of areaIntf is: %T\n", u)
} else {
fmt.Println("areaIntf does not contain a variable of type Circle")
}
}
func (sq *Square) Area() float32 {
return sq.side * sq.side
}
func (ci *Circle) Area() float32 {
return ci.radius * ci.radius * math.Pi
}
输出
The type of areaIntf is: *main.Square
areaIntf does not contain a variable of type Circle
调用规则
Go 语言规范定义了接口方法集的调用规则：
类型 *T 的可调用方法集包含接受者为 *T 或 T 的所有方法集
类型 T 的可调用方法集包含接受者为 T 的所有方法
类型 T 的可调用方法集不包含接受者为 *T 的方法
#注意new()的用法
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
type List []int
func (l List) Len() int {
return len(l)
}
func (l *List) Append(val int) {
*l = append(*l, val)
}
type Appender interface {
Append(int)
}
func CountInto(a Appender, start, end int) {
for i := start; i <= end; i++ {
a.Append(i)
}
}
type Lener interface {
Len() int
}
func LongEnough(l Lener) bool {
return l.Len()*10 > 42
}
func main() {
// A bare value
var lst List
// compiler error:
// cannot use lst (type List) as type Appender in argument to CountInto:
// List does not implement Appender (Append method has pointer receiver)
// CountInto(lst, 1, 10)
if LongEnough(lst) { // VALID:Identical receiver type
fmt.Printf("- lst is long enough\n")
}
// A pointer value
plst := new(List)
CountInto(plst, 1, 10) //VALID:Identical receiver type
if LongEnough(plst) {
// VALID: a *List can be dereferenced for the receiver
fmt.Printf("- plst is long enough\n")
}
}
输出
- plst is long enough
空接口复制
#需逐个显式复制
var dataSlice []myType = FuncReturnSlice()
var interfaceSlice []interface{} = make([]interface{}, len(dataSlice))
for i, d := range dataSlice {
interfaceSlice[i] = d
}
#错误语法
var dataSlice []myType = FuncReturnSlice()
var interfaceSlice []interface{} = dataSlice
