参考资料:
哥伦比亚大学校训http://wh.xhd.cn/ksjq/yc/753113.html
北京雅思考试时间http://wh.xhd.cn/ksjq/yc/753851.html
全球高校最新排名http://wh.xhd.cn/newnews/737372.html
personality作文http://wh.xhd.cn/ksjq/yc/753051.html
称呼英语大全http://wh.xhd.cn/ksjq/yc/753587.html
托福词汇表http://wh.xhd.cn/ksjq/yc/753144.html
1.滥用大词,忽视语言准确度
由于评分中提到高级词汇的使用及词汇使用广度的说法,有些考生认为雅思写作中必要出现长词,难词,生僻词,否则不足以显示语言能力之强,却忘记了,词汇准确性更是考核的基础。用错了语境,这样的大词不止不是点睛,反而是败笔了。
比如想表达“广告造成盲目消费,影响很大”有的考生选择用gigantic来形容严重性,然而,用来形容广告的负面影响这个词未免过于严重了。
下面再列举几个写作中的句子,看一下哪些词出现了使用不当的情况,以及怎样替换才能准确的表达呢?
1) Some children are so selfish that they always engage in some malicious behaviors, like littering.
2) It is universally acknowledged that mobile phones are widely used in our daily life.
3) Children always obtain money from their parents.
例句中,malicious一般用来形容本质出于恶意的行为,形容乱丢垃圾显然过大了,建议改为improper;同理,2,3句中universally acknowledged换为generally believed;obtain 换为get即可;不恰当的大词起到的只能是反效果。
因此,童鞋们背单词的时候一定不能仅仅背其中文翻译,还需要明确词汇的搭配和使用语境;用法得当才能锦上添花。
2.词性使用不当
很多考生背单词,由于只背意思和拼写而不注意词性,导致用词错误,而词性错误直接导致语法错误,连带下一项评分标准一定受影响,从而失分降档。
比如,最常见的表达影响的词“affect, effect”许多考生搞不清楚前者为动词后者为名词,各种用错;再如表缺乏的词组:lack of, 考生想当然的在前面加be动词使用, 殊不知,lack当动词,名词都可以,唯独没有形容词的用法。
类似的还有表达“替代”的几个词:replace, instead 和substitute。有些考生误以为三者都是动词,其实,instead 为副词,substitute 既是及物动词,不及物动词,又是名词。
同样再举几个例子让大家感受下,能否找出其中使用不当的词呢?
1) When the amount of supply beyond the market demand, the price will go down.
2) When one studies at home lonely, he or she will be less motivated.
3) With the number of cars increases sharply, traffic congestion has become more serious in urban areas.
上面三句分别出现了不当词性问题,需要做如下更改:
beyond—exceeds,
lonely—alone 和
increases—increasing;
你做对了吗?
3.词汇使用单一,缺乏多样性
除了用词准确,想要取得理想的分数,我们还需要注意词汇多样性,即替换词汇的使用。如果反复重现同一个词,考官会认为该考生的词汇量很有限,比如小作文中常用的“上升”,如果考生仅用increase, 却没有替换比如:“rise, grow, climb, rocket, soar, jump”等,整体语言就会显得单一
因此,考生备考中还需要通过各种手段来避免重复和展现多样性,而所谓各种手段常用的就是:同义词,反义词,词性转变,指代和派生等。
比如在一段论述应该对各种类型的犯罪采取固定处罚的文章中,某个7.5分的范文是这样论述的:
On the one hand, fixed punishments will have a deterring effect on society. Individuals knowing that they will be subject to a certain punishment if they are convicted with a given crime, will reconsider committing thisact in the first place. This deterring effect also leads to social stability and security, through minimizing the number of crime committed. If people knewthey would be able to convince the court or the jury of a reason for having committed the crime they are accused of, penal decisions would be largely arbitrary. This would result into criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts.
立论和辩证之类不在我们今天的讨论范围,其用词的多样性值得学习和借鉴。
整理下其中的词汇替换如下:
同义词/短语替换:
arbitrary—subjective;
punishment—penalty;
lead to—result in—cause;
派生:crime—criminal
指代:crime—act
反义词:injustice—justice
词性转换:commit—committed