一
1、获取虚拟机的IP地址
[root@192 ~]# ip a
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:04:5d:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp3s0
inet 192.168.136.128/24 brd 192.168.136.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft 1086sec preferred_lft 1086sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe04:5d2d/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@192 ~]# inet192.168.136.128即ip地址
2、获取当前系统的时间
[root@192 ~]# date +%Y-%m-%d
date +%M代表分钟
date +%s代表秒
3、设置当前的时间为2023年1月1日12:00
[root@192 ~]# date -s 20230101
4、从当前目录切换到/root/home目录，并查看/root/home下有哪些文件和目录
[root@192 ~]# ls
111 2.txt 5.txt dabao.tar Downloads flie1 Pictures Videos
1.txt 333 6.txt Desktop fak.txt ip.log Public yasuo1.tar.gz
222 4.txt anaconda-ks.cfg Documents file2 Music Templates
[root@192 ~]# mkdir home
[root@192 ~]# cd /root/home
[root@192 ~]# ls /root/home
5、打印当前的路径
[root@192 home]# pwd
/root/home
二
1、创建/root/dir1/dir2目录
[root@192 ~]# mkdir -p /root/dir1/dir2
2、在/root下创建guazai1、guazai2、guazai3......一直到guazai10目录
[root@192 ~]# mkdir /root/guazai{1..10}
[root@192 ~]# ls /root
111 5.txt dir2 guazai guazai5 ip.log yasuo1.tar.gz
1.txt 6.txt Documents guazai1 guazai6 Music
222 anaconda-ks.cfg Downloads guazai10 guazai7 Pictures
2.txt dabao.tar fak.txt guazai2 guazai8 Public
333 Desktop file2 guazai3 guazai9 Templates
4.txt dir1 flie1 guazai4 home Videos
3、删除/root/dir1/dir2目录

[root@192 ~]# rm -rf /root/dir1/dir2

4、在当前路径下创建以你名字命名的文件

[root@192 ~]# touch fak.txt
[root@192 ~]# ls
111 5.txt dir2 guazai guazai5 ip.log yasuo1.tar.gz
1.txt 6.txt Documents guazai1 guazai6 Music
222 anaconda-ks.cfg Downloads guazai10 guazai7 Pictures
2.txt dabao.tar fak.txt guazai2 guazai8 Public
333 Desktop file2 guazai3 guazai9 Templates
4.txt dir1 flie1 guazai4 home Videos
5、查看/etc/passwd文件的内容，并过滤出包含root的行

[root@192 ~]# cat /etc/passwd
[root@192 dir1]# grep root /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
xiaohei:x:1009:1009:1111111111111:/root/xiaohei:/bin/bash
[root@192 dir1]

6、使用echo命令输出"Hello, World!"到屏幕上。

[root@192 ~]# echo "hello,world"
hello,world
[root@192 ~]#
7、提取/etc/passwd第一列的内容

[root@192 ~]# cut -d ':' -f 1 /etc/passwd
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
tss
systemd-coredump
dbus
polkitd
avahi
colord
rtkit
pipewire
clevis
sssd
geoclue
flatpak
setroubleshoot
libstoragemgmt
gdm
cockpit-wsinstance
gnome-initial-setup
sshd
chrony
dnsmasq
tcpdump
rdhat
[root@192 ~]#

8、为/root/anaconda-ks.cfg 文件创建软链接到/下并命名为a.cfg

[root@192 dir1]# ln -s /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /a.cfg
[root@192 dir1]# cat /a.cfg

Generated by Anaconda 34.25.3.8

Generated by pykickstart v3.32

version=RHEL9

9、复制/etc/shadow文件到/root下

[root@192 dir1]# cp /etc/shadow /root
[root@192 dir1]# ls /root/
222 bbb
guazai9 Pictures
dabao.tar.gz Downloads guazai10 guazai5
yasuo2.zip
guazai2 guazai6
yasuo3.zip
guazai3 guazai7
guazai4 guazai8 Music
aaa
ip1.log Public
aaa_soft
IP1.log QQ_3.2.12_240902_x86_64_01.rpm xiaohei
anaconda-ks.cfg dabao.tar Documents guazai1
shadow yasuo1.tar.bz2
[root@192 dir1]#

10、查找以repo结尾的文件

[root@192 dir1]# find / -name "*.repo"
/run/media/root/RHEL-9-3-0-BaseOS-x86_64/media.repo
/etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo
/var/lib/rhsm/repo_server_val/redhat.repo
/usr/share/rhel/secrets/redhat.repo
[root@192 dir1]#
11、把/etc/gshadow 和/root/home打包压缩为/root/ys.tar.gz
[root@192 dir1]# tar -czvf /root/ys.tar.gz /etc/gshadow /home
tar: Removing leading /' from member names /etc/gshadow tar: Removing leading/' from hard link targets
/home/
/home/redhat/
/home/redhat/.mozilla/
[root@192 dir1]# tar -tf /root/ys.tar.gz
etc/gshadow
home/
home/redhat/
home/redhat/.mozilla/
home/redhat/.mozilla/extensions/
home/redhat/.mozilla/plugins/

home/redhat/.bash_logout
home/redhat/.bash_profile