/*
语法:
select 分组函数,列(要求出现在GRPUP BY的后面)
from 表
【where 筛选条件】
group by 分组的列表
【order by 字句】
注意:
查询列表必须特殊,要求是分组函数和group by后出现的字段
特点:
1、分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
--- | 数据源 | 位置 | 关键字 |
---|---|---|---|
分组前 | 原始表 | group by字句的前面 | where |
分组后 | 分组后的结果集 | group by子句的后面 | having |
- 分组函数做条件肯定是放在having子句中
- 能用分组前筛选的,优先考虑使用分组前筛选
2、group by 字句支持单个字段分组,多个字段分组(多个字段之间逗号隔开没有顺序要求),表达式或函数(用得较少)
3、也可以添加排序(排序放在整个分组查询的最后)
引入,查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT department_id,
AVG(salary)
FROM
employees
GROUP BY `department_id`
;
简单的分组查询
案例1:查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
案例2:每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;
添加筛选条件
案例1:查询邮箱中包含a字符的,每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY department_id;
案例2:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的最高工资
SELECT manager_id,MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id;
添加复杂的筛选条件
案例1:查询哪个部门的员工个数>2
- 先创建结果集
SELECT department_id,COUNT(*) AS 员工个数
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
- 根据结果集进行筛选,
SELECT department_id,COUNT(*)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 2;
案例2:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
变种:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的 email
SELECT email
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
案例3:查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是哪个,以及其最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id>102
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>5000;
按表达式进行分组
案例:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工数>5的有哪些
SELECT COUNT(*) c,LENGTH(last_name) len
FROM employees
GROUP BY len
HAVING c > 5;#只有mysql支持在group by 和 having后面放别名
按多个字段分组
案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id;
添加排序
案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资,并且按平均工资的高低显示出来
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY department_id,job_id
HAVING AVG(salary) > 10000
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC;