Unit 29 How many and how much

第 二十九课 多少

本课重点：表示东西的数量

A. Texts & Notes

1. I need more.

布赖恩和珍妮在露营，阴雨、低温使珍妮感冒了。
Jane: I've got a cold.
Brian: I know. But you're got some tissues.
Jane: I've not got many. This box is empty.
Brian: Here's another box.
Jane: There are only a few in this box. I need more.
Brian: More? I bought five boxes yesterday.
Jane: I had a lot tissues yesterday. I'm cold and I'm wet.

珍妮：我着凉了。
布赖恩：我知道。可你有些卫生纸的啊。
珍妮：我没有多少了。这一盒是空的。
布赖恩：这里还有一盒。
珍妮：这盒里只有一点儿了。我还得要一些。
布赖恩：还要？我昨天买了五盒。
珍妮：昨天我是有许多卫生纸。我觉得又冷又潮湿。

注1. some 意思是一些、某些，是不定代词，用于肯定句中，表示可数或不可数名词的数量。例：
I want to change some money, please.（我要换些钱。）
We'd like some traveller's cheques?（我们要一些旅行超能支票。）
I'd like tea. Would you get me some?（我想喝茶，请你给我弄些来，好吗？）
注2. many 和 much 都是“许多”的意思，都是不定代词，但 many 表示可数名词的数量，而 much 表示不可数名词的数量。例：
You've got many suitcases.
Yes, I've get many. You've get much luggage, too.
No, there's not very much.
注3. a lot 用作主语或宾语，而 a lot of 用作定语。意思是许多，通用于可数和不可数名词。常用于肯定句中。例：
We need a lot of francs and marks and Italian lira.（我们需要许多的法郎和马克以及意大利里拉。）
I haven't got much, but you're got a lot.（我没有多少，而你有许多。）
注4. a few 意思是少许、几个，用于可数名词。例：
We've got a lot of clothes. Only a few of these are mine.（我们有许多的衣服，但这些衣服中只有几件是我的。）
I'd like a hundred German marks and a few French francs.（我要一百个德国马克和少量法国法郎。）
注5. more 是 much 和 many 的比较级，意为更多。more 常与 some 连用。例：
Jane's got a few tissues, but she meeds more.（珍妮有一些卫生纸，但好需要更多许。）
Would you like some more coffee?（你还需要些咖啡吗？）

2. There's very little milk.

在珍妮和布赖恩的宿营地，……
Jane: Is the coffee ready?
Brian: No. There isn't any coffee. I'm afraid this jar is empty. And there's very little milk. There's a lot of tea. But you don't like tea.
Jane: How much sugar have we got?
Brian: Not much.
Jane: Have we got any food?
Brian: Only a little. We didn't bring much food. There's a lot of tea. There's not much sugar. There's only a little sugar. We need more sugar.

珍妮：咖啡好了吗？
布赖恩：没有。没有咖啡了。这个瓶子恐怕是空的了。只有很少一点牛奶了。有很多茶，可你不喜欢茶。
珍妮：我们还有多少糖？
布赖恩：不多了。
珍妮：我们还有食品吗？
布赖恩：只有一点儿了。我们没有带多少食品。有很多茶，糖不多，只有一点儿糖。我们需要更多的糖。

注6. any 意思是一些、任何，与 some 同意，但常用于否定句和疑问句中。例：
I'd like some sherry. Do you have any?（我想要一些酒内销有吗？）
I havn't got any coffee. I'll got and buy some.（我们没有咖啡了，我去买些来。）
We don't need any can opener and we aren't bringing any cans of food.（我们不需要开罐刀，我们也不准备带罐头食品。）
在表示否定的问话中，需要得到肯定的问话时，也有 some。例：
Would you like some sugar in your cofffee?（你咖啡里需要加些糖吗？）
注7. a little 意思是一点儿，与 a few 同意，但用于不可数名词。例：
I want a few German marks and a little Swiss money. （我需要一点儿德国马克和一点儿瑞士钱。）
注8. a little 和 a few 表示肯定的概念，在表示否定的概念时，用 little 和 few。例：
Few of us know German but a few of us know French.（我们中很少人懂德语，但有几个人懂法语。）
He says little but does much.（他说有很少，但做的很多。）
A: Do you speak English? B: Yes, a little. （甲：你讲英语吗？乙：会一点儿。）
注9：how many 和 how much 是用来就数量提问的，问可数名词时用 How many …？问不可数名词时用 How much …?
— I'd like a few French francs. （我要一点儿法国法郎。）
How muck? （要多少？）
Just a few, about fifty.（只要一点儿，大约五十个。）
— Would you like anything with your whisky?（你的威士忌里要加引起什么吗？）
Some water, please.（请加些水。）
How much water, sir?（多少水，先生？）
Just a little, please.（一点儿就行了。）
注10. some，any，many，much，a few，few，a little，little 都是英语的不定代词，表示一个不具体的数量，在句子中作定语或主语和宾语用。

3. A big box tissues

布赖恩来到商店，……
Shopkeeper: Can I help you?
Brain: Yes, please. I want some coffee, some milk and some sugar.
Shopkeeper: Here's half a kilo. Half a kilo of coffee.
Brain: Oh! tha't s too much. Have you got a smaller jar?
Shopkeeper: Is this big enough?
Brain: Yes. Thank you. May I have some milk?
Shopkeeper: A bottle milk. And you'd like some sugar? A small packet?
Brain: Yes. That's enough. And I need some tissues. A big box of tissuse. No. Would you get me tow boxes, please?

店员：要买什么吗？
布赖恩：是的。我要一些咖啡，一些牛奶和一些糖。
店员：这是半公斤的，半公斤咖啡。
布赖恩：喔，太多了，你有小瓶的吗？
店员：这瓶够大吗？
布赖恩：够了，谢谢。我要些牛奶，行吗？
店员：一瓶牛奶。你还要糖吗？来一小包？
布赖恩：好，足够了。我还要些卫生纸，一大盒卫生纸，不，给我拿两盒，好吗？

注11. half a kilo of … 意思是：半公斤……注意此处用了冠词 a。同样如：half an hour.（半小时） 如说一公斤半，说：a kilo and a half. 一个半小时，说：an hour and an half.
注12. 一些商品成包出售，常以包装的形式来计量，不可娄名词更是如此。如：
a packet of cigarettes（一包烟）
a bottle of wine（一瓶酒）
a jar of coffee （一瓶咖啡）
a can (tin) of peas（一罐豌豆）
a tube of toothpaste （一筒牙膏）
a bar of soap（一条肥皂）
a piece of paper（一张纸）
注13, 罐头食品的罐头，美国人称 can，英国人称 tin，tin 是”马口铁“，也译为”听“。a tin of pineapple（一听菠萝）

B. Exercise

1. 电视节目和录音带中有一段情景，一顾客在银行兑换外币，听后试回答下列问题：
   (1) What money does he have?
   (2) How much?
   (3) What money does he want?
   (4) How much?
   Customer: I want to change some money, please.
   Clerk: How much money, sir?
   Customer: Well. I've got a hundred and fifty pounds. I'd like a hundred German marks and a few French franes.
   Clerk: How many?
   Customer: Hm, just a few, about fifty. And I need a little Swiss money, too.
   Clerk: How much?

2. 先用 How many （或 How much ）… do we have? 提问，然后选择下列适当的说法回答你柜中存有 sugar，potato（土豆），tomato（番茄），beead（面包），sall（盐），carrot（胡萝卜），cans of peas，coffee 和 milk 的情况。（见图）

   (1)
   There's a lot of …
   There are a lot of …
   We don't neet any …
   (2)
   There are only a few …
   We haven't got many …
   We need some more …
   (3)
   There isn't any …
   Shell I go and buy some … ？

3. 用 a few，a little 或 few, little 填空：
   (1) There are potatoes in the refrigerator.
   (2) I've only coffee.
   (3) They've got very milk.
   (4) There's only wine in the bottle.
   (5) We've got some steak, but only .
   (6) There are only vegetables in this box.
   (7) We've got very luggage.
   (8) They've got French francs, but only .
   (9) She's got very clothes.
   (10) There's only milk.

4. 改正下列各图的标题：
5. 参考下例，给你的朋友写封信，开个单子，请他帮你买东西。
   We are arriving on Saturday, 5th August, at 9 o'clock in the evening. The shops will of course be closed. Would you please get these thing for us?
   Shopping list:
   half a kilo of sugar
   two kilos and a half of potatoes
   a jar of jam（果酱）
   some cans of food
   five bottles of beer
   two boxes of tissues
   a bar of soap
   some bresd and a little tea

C. Summary

1. 说法与用法

(1) 表示不具体的数量
可数：
How many tissues do you need?
I'v got lot of Seiss france.
I want a few 9p stamps.
不可数：
How much coffee would you like?
I've got a lot of tea.
There's a little salt.
There isn't much sugar.
(2) 表示只有很少了：
There are only a few tissues.
There are very few tissues.
There's only a little coffee.
There's very little coffee.
(3) 表示一定的数量：
half a kilo of potatoes
a bottle of milk
two packets of sugar
three cans of food

2. 语法

不定代词：
(1) 不指明代替的名词（或形容词）的代词叫不定代词。这里学的不定代词有：some，any，a few，few，a little，little，many，much，这些不定代词都表示物品的不具体数量，在句子中用作定语、主语、表语或宾语。
(2) some 和 any 均可用于可数及不可数名词。some 用于肯定句，也可以用于表示请求的疑问句；any 用于否定句及一般疑问句中。
(3) many 用于可数名词；much 用于不可数名词。
(4) a few，few 用于可数名词；a little，little 用于不可数名词。
(5) a few，few 表示肯定概念；a little，little 表示否定概念。

I need more tissues.
I've not got many now.
There are noly a few in this box.
There's a lot of tea.
There's not mich sugar.
There is only a little sugar.
A bottle of milk.

D. Words & Expressions

附：Follow me （欧洲版教材）

~1~

~2~

~3~