英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座2020：行星地球第1季第1集中英台词整理和单词统计
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Our home planet is a complex and dynamic machine. | 我们的地球是一个极其复杂的动态机器 |
| Its land, ocean and atmosphere provides everything | 它的陆地海洋及大气层 |
| that we humans need to thrive. | 提供了人类生存繁衍所需要的一切 |
| But now, human activity is throwing | 但现今人类活动 |
| the planet's finely tuned systems out of balance. | 使地球上这些和谐的系统逐渐失衡 |
| But what are these systems? | 但这些系统是什么 |
| How does the Earth work? | 地球又是如何运作 |
| And how can we live sustainably on Planet Earth? | 人类如何才能在地球上可持续地生活 |
| Welcome to this year's Royal Institution Christmas Lectures. | 欢迎来到今年的英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座 |
| This year has been a bit different, | 今年是特殊的一年 |
| so we're going to have to do things a bit differently. | 我们也不得不做出一些改变 |
| That's right. For the first time since 1825, | 没错自一八二五年 |
| when Michael Faraday created these lectures, | 迈克尔·法拉第创立讲座以来 |
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| we're not going to have a live audience here in the theatre with us, | 首次出现讲座现场没有观众的情况 |
| but Faraday would be amazed to know | 但若法拉第知道全英国 |
| that we are joined by children | 以及爱尔兰的孩子们 |
| watching from their homes and their schools | 在家或学校正通过屏幕加入我们的讲座 |
| all over the UK and Ireland. | 一定会感到相当惊讶 |
| It's a virtual audience that will rotate as we go through the lectures. | 观众将通过虚拟平台在讲座中轮流出现 |
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| So, hello and welcome. Give us a wave. | 大家好欢迎你们打个招呼吧 |
| And that's not the only thing we're doing differently this year. | 今年不同的事不止于此 |
| This year, we have combined our expertise | 我们三位将各自的专业知识融合在一起 |
| so that between the three of us, | 因此今年讲座涵盖的内容 |
| we can cover a subject as big as the Earth itself. | 将与地球本身一样包罗万象 |
| So, you'll next see me in lecture two, | 你们将在第二部分见到我 |
| where we'll be talking about the oceans. | 这部分将对海洋进行讨论 |
| And with me in lecture three, we'll be looking at the atmosphere. | 我们将在第三部分了解大气层 |
| I'm Chris Jackson and I'm a geologist and in my lecture, | 我是克里斯·杰克逊一名地质学家 |
| I'm going to show you | 我将在讲座中为大家展示 |
| how the Earth's climate has changed over billions of years | 数十亿年来地球气候是如何随着 |
| in response to an amazing array of natural processes. | 一系列惊人的自然进程而演变的 |
| And by doing that, we can then maybe better understand | 通过这种方式我们也许能更容易理解 |
| how the climate could change in the future. | 未来气候将如何变化 |
| So let's go back to the beginning. | 让我们回到一切的开始 |
| 4.5 billion years ago was literally hell on Earth. | 四十五亿年前的地球仍是一片混沌 |
| 200 degrees Celsius, that's four to five times hotter | 地表温度高达两百摄氏度 |
| than the hottest place on Earth today. | 是如今地球上最热之处的四到五倍 |
| So how did we go from that to the place we now call home? | 这样的地球是如何成为我们宜居的家园的呢 |
| Well, to show you, I need you to | 为了更直观地展示我将与你们一同 |
| join me on a 100 metre long journey | 在皇家科学院走一段一百米的旅程 |
| around the Royal Institution, | 而我走的每一步 |
| where every step will be 50 million years. | 都代表着五千万年 |
| We'd better get a move on. | 我们最好快点启程 |
| Back then, there would have been | 那时候大气层中 |
| no life-giving oxygen in the atmosphere. | 还没有生存所需的氧气 |
| Instead, it would have been | 大气层中充斥着 |
| a poisonous soup of carbon dioxide, methane and ammonia. | 由二氧化碳甲烷和氨组成的有毒混合气体 |
| This would have been a tough place to live. | 这里是生命的禁区 |
| But then, about 3.8 billion years ago.. | 大概三十八亿年前 |
| ..the oceans formed and life appeared. | 随着海洋的形成生命诞生了 |
| Stromatolites were a trailblazer. | 叠石层是最早出现的开拓者 |
| These tiny microbial critters not only coped | 这些细小的微生物 |
| with the boiling temperatures and the toxic gases, | 不仅能忍受极端高温和有毒气体 |
| but they were able to take carbon dioxide | 还能吸收二氧化碳 |
| and turn it into life-giving oxygen. | 并将其转化为生命所需的氧气 |
| But for 2.25 billion years, until the end of this corridor, | 但直到走廊尽头在这二十二亿五千万年里 |
| there was still hardly any oxygen in the atmosphere | 大气层中的氧气依旧极度稀缺 |
| ..until the Great Oxygenation Event | 直到发生了大氧化事件 |
| when some sun-worshipping bacteria | 以太阳光为能源的细菌 |
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| learned to take CO2 out of the atmosphere, | 开始吸收大气层中的二氧化碳 |
| producing food with oxygen being the waste product. | 进行光合作用并产出氧气 |
| But the Earth's climate was restless. | 但当时地球气候并不稳定 |
| Sometimes, it was Snowball Earth, | 时而大雪纷飞如同处在水晶球中 |
| other times literally Club Tropicana. | 时而如同进了《热带俱乐部》 |
| And then, at other times, almost nothing | 有时却又几乎什么都没有 |
| during the so-called Boring Billion. | 人们称之为"无聊的十亿年" |
| But one billion years ago, things got really exciting. | 但在十亿年前事情变得有趣起来 |
| Sponges appeared and single-celled organisms gave way | 海绵动物出现了单细胞生物让位于 |
| to complex multi-cellular life that we now know as animals. | 结构更加复杂的多细胞生物即动物 |
| Life finds a way. | 生命得以降临 |
| And then, 541 million years ago, the Cambrian explosion, | 五亿四千一百万年前寒武纪大爆发 |
| an eruption of life inside and outside the oceans. | 海洋内外的生命喷涌而来 |
| Animals, plants, flowers. | 动物植物花朵 |
| But then, 252 million years ago | 然而两亿五千两百万年前 |
| 75% of all species went extinct. | 百分之七十五的物种灭绝了 |
| Life is never easy. | 生命从来都不容易 |
| And out of the ashes, new and more complex life evolved. | 灭绝的灰烬中进化出了更为复杂的新生命 |
| Dinosaurs came, and went. | 恐龙来了又去了 |
| The flightless ones, anyway. | 至少是不会飞的那些 |
| Primates appeared. And then, 200,000 years ago, | 灵长目出现了随后距今二十万年前 |
| Homo sapiens emerged. | 智人也出现了 |
| And after our 100 metre long journey | 在我们走完皇家科学院 |
| around the Royal Institution, | 这一百米旅程之后 |
| all of civilisation can fit on the width of a single human hair. | 所有文明的长度都只相当于一根头发的宽度 |
| And we now occupy every corner of the globe | 现如今人类占领了地球每个角落 |
| and we've become so dominant, | 拥有了绝对的主导权 |
| we've started to influence the Earth's system | 开始对地球的系统以及其中的生命 |
| and the life on it. | 产生影响 |
| We've defined a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. | 我们定义了一个新的地质时代人类世 |
| And in only 200 years, | 仅仅两百年间 |
| the Earth's population has gone | 地球上的人口 |
| from around one billion to more than seven billion, | 从十亿激增至七十多亿 |
| and this global presence has had a truly global impact | 遍布全球的人类产生了真正的全球性影响 |
| and we've actually started to | 实际上人类已经开始 |
| change one of the most fundamental things on the Earth, | 改变地球上最根本的东西之一大气层 |
| the atmosphere, driving changes in our very climate. | 从而引起了气候的变化 |
| So we've talked already a lot about climate, | 我们已经讲过许多与气候相关的内容 |
| but how does that differ to the weather? | 但气候和天气之间有什么不同呢 |
| Well, the weather describes things | 天气描述的是 |
| like temperature and, say, rainfall. | 温度降雨量 |
| Effectively, weather tells you what to take out of your wardrobe. | 实际上天气会告诉你该穿什么衣服 |
| Now, you've been waiting very patiently, | 你们一直认真听课 |
| so I would like to come and ask you | 现在让我来问问你们 |
| what do you think the weather is going to be like tomorrow? | 你们认为明天的天气怎么样 |
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| I'm just coming up to this screen here | 我走到这块屏幕前 |
| and I am going to ask Asmah | 我想问问阿斯玛 |
| What do you think? | 你觉得呢 |
| Do you think it might be rainy or snowy, or? | 你觉得是会下雨下雪还是 |
| What do you think it's going to be like tomorrow? | 你觉得明天的天气会是怎样的 |
| I think it's going to rain. | 我觉得会下雨 |
| You think it's going to rain, brilliant. | 你觉得会下雨很好 |
| OK, let's go and see, | 好吧让我们来看一看 |
| because I happen to have a magic wardrobe. | 因为我碰巧有个魔力衣橱 |
| Let's see if it's going to rain today. | 让我们看看今天是否会下雨 |
| Or tomorrow, sorry. | 对不起是明天 |
| Oh, my word, Aasmah! You got it right, look. | 天啊阿斯玛你说对了快看 |
| You are perfectly prepared. | 你准备得很充分 |
| You know, rain jacket, umbrella. Thank you so much. | 穿着雨衣打着雨伞非常感谢 |
| OK, that's one out of one. | 好吧这是其中一个人的看法 |
| Let's go back up here. Who have we got? | 让我们回到这里我们还有谁 |
| Constancia and Alanah, what do you think? | 康斯坦西亚和阿兰娜你们怎么认为 |
| It will probably be relatively frosty in the morning | 清晨可能会非常冷 |
| because it's December. | 因为现在是十二月 |
| Thank you, Constancia. | 谢谢你康斯坦西亚 |
| So, frosty because it's December, | 因为现在是十二月所以会很冷 |
| and that makes sense, doesn't it? | 这很有道理对不对 |
| So, let's see what we've got in our magic wardrobe. | 让我们看看我们的魔力衣橱里有什么 |
| Oh, dear, Constancia and Alana! | 天啊康斯坦西亚和阿兰娜 |
| I don't think this person is ready | 我觉得这个人并没准备好 |
| for the frosty December weather. | 面对十二月寒冷的天气 |
| I don't think you'd make it to the end of the day. | 我觉得你连今天都撑不过去 |
| Thank you so much. | 非常感谢 |
| So you can see why we as Brits | 所以你能明白我们英国人 |
| love weather forecasts, | 为什么喜欢天气预报 |
| cos the weather's always changing. | 因为天气总是在变 |
| And climate is kind of like weather, | 气候和天气有点类似 |
| but think of it as the average of weather. | 但请把它看作是天气的平均值 |
| It doesn't tell you what to take out of your wardrobe, | 它不会告诉你该从衣橱里拿什么衣服 |
| it actually tells you what to have IN your wardrobe. | 它实际上告诉你的是衣橱里要放什么衣服 |
| And that's important, cos in the UK, where it's quite mild, | 这很重要因为在英国气候比较温和 |
| I can get away like I'm dressing today. | 我像今天这样穿也可以出门 |
| You know, kind of jeans and T-shirt, nothing to worry about. | 穿着牛仔裤和T恤一点没问题 |
| But the climate does change, more slowly, but it does change. | 但气候会变化慢得多但的确会变化 |
| And if you want to think about that, it's useful, I think, | 如果你愿意思考一下这件事 |
| to think, well, OK, I'm going on a holiday to a beach next... | 我觉得这样想很有用我要去海滩度假 |
| ...let's say next year. | 比如说明年 |
| I might want to wear shorts, flip-flops, a sun hat. | 我可能会穿短裤人字拖戴顶太阳帽 |
| Yeah, get ready for that hot day. | 是的为炎热的天气做好准备 |
| But what about going to the same beach 60 million years ago? | 但如果在六千万年前去同一个海滩呢 |
| You know, what would it be like then? | 那时会是什么样 |
| And as a geologist, this is where I get very, very excited | 作为一位地理学家这令我非常兴奋 |
| cos it's a chance to read the rock record | 因为这是一个阅读岩石记录 |
| and the fossil record. | 和化石记录的机会 |
| What we have here are some cores of rock | 这里是一些岩心样本 |
| and these are about a metre long, each core in here. | 每个岩心样本大约一米长 |
| And these have been obtained | 这些是通过 |
| by drilling down a couple of kilometres | 在苏格兰近海海床处 |
| below the seabed offshore Scotland. | 向下钻探数千米而获得的 |
| These rocks span an age range of | 这些岩石的时代跨度 |
| about 150 to 350 million years. | 大约有1.5至3.5亿年 |
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