符号(Symbols)
| + | plus | /'plʌs/ |
|---|---|---|
| - | minus | /'maɪnəs/ |
| ± | plus or minus | /'plʌs ɔ: 'maɪnəs/ |
| x | multiplied by | /'mʌltɪplaɪd baɪ/ |
| / | over; divided by | /'əʊvə/ /dɪ'vaɪdəd/ |
| ÷ | divided | /dɪ'vaɪdəd/ |
| = | equals | /'ɪ:kwəlz/ |
| ≈ | approximately, similar | /ə'prɒksɪmətlɪ/ /'sɪmɪlə tʊ/ |
| ≡ | equivalent to; identical | /ɪk'wɪvələnt tʊ/ /aɪ'dentɪkl tʊ/ |
| ≠ | not equal to | /'nɒt 'iːkwəl tʊ/ |
| > | greater than | /'greɪtə ðən/ |
| < | less than | /'les ðən/ |
| ≥ | greater than or equal to | /'greɪtə ðən ər 'iːkwəl tʊ/ |
| ≤ | less than or equal to | /'les ðən ər' iːkwəl tʊ/ |
| ⊁ | not greater than | /'nɒt 'greɪtə ðən/ |
| ⊀ | not less than | /'nɒt 'les ðən/ |
| ≫ | much greater than | /'mʌʧ 'greɪtə ðən/ |
| ≪ | much less than | /'mʌʧ 'les ðən/ |
| ⊥ | perpendicular to | /pɜːpən'dɪkjʊlə tʊ/ |
| ∣∣ | parallel to | /'pærəlel tʊ/ |
| ≢ | not equivalent to, not identical to | /'nɒt ɪk'wɪvələnt tʊ/ /'nɒt aɪ'dentɪkl tʊ/ |
| ≄≉ | not similar to | /'nɒt 'sɪmɪlə tʊ/ |
| ² | squared | /'skweəd/ |
| ³ | cubed | /'kju:bd/ |
| 4 | to the fourth; to the power four | /tə ðə 'fɔːθ/ /te ðə 'pɑʊə fɔː/ |
| n | to the n; to the nth; to the power n | /tə ðɪ en; tə dɪ enθ; tə ðə pɑʊər en/ |
| √ | root; square root | /ru:t/ /skweə ru:t/ |
| ∛ | cube root | /kju:b ru:t/ |
| ∜ | fourth root | /fɔːθ ruːt/ |
| ! | factorial | /fæk'tɔːrɪəl/ |
| % | percent | /pə'sent/ |
| ∞ | infinity | /ɪn'fɪnətɪ/ |
| ∝ | varies as; proportional to | /'vɛərɪz/ /prə'pɔːʃənəl/ |
| ˙ | dot | /dɒt/ |
| ¨ | double dot | /dʌbl dɒt/ |
| : | is to, ratio of | /reɪʃɪəʊ/ |
| f(x) fx | f; function | /ef/ /'fʌŋkʃən/ |
| f'(x) | f dash; derivative | /dæʃ/ /dɪ'rɪvətɪv/ |
| f''x | f double-dash; second derivative | /'dʌbl dæʃ/ /'sekənd dɪ'rɪvətɪv/ |
| f'''(x) | f triple-dash; f treble-dash; third derivative | /'trɪpl dæʃ/ / trebl dæʃ/ /θɜ:d dɪ'rɪvətɪv/ |
| f(4) | f four; fourth derivative | /fɔːθ dɪ'rɪvətɪv/ |
| ∂ | partial derivative, delta | /paːʃəl dɪ'rɪvətɪv/ /deltə/ |
| ∫ | integral | /'ɪntɪgrəl/ |
| ∑ | sum | /sʌm/ |
| w.r.t. | with respect to | /wɪð 'rɪspekt/ |
| log | log | /lɒg/ |
| log₂x | log to the base 2 of x | /lɒg tə ðə beɪs tu: əv eks/ |
| ∴ | therefore | /'ðɛəfɔː/ |
| ∵ | because | /bɪ'kɒz/ |
| → | gives, leads to, approaches | /gɪvz/ /li:dz tʊ/ /əprəʊʧəz/ |
| / | per | /pɜ:/ |
| ∈ | belongs to; a member of; an element of | /bɪ'lɒŋz/ /'membə/ /'elɪmənt/ |
| ∉ | does not belong to; is not a member of; is not an element of | /nɒt bɪ'lɒŋ/ /nɒt ə 'membə/ /nɒt ən 'elɪmənt/ |
| ⊂ | contained in; a proper subset of | /kən'teɪnd ɪn/ /'prɒpə 'sʌbset/ |
| ⊆ | contained in; subset | /'sʌbset/ |
| ⋂ | intersection | /'ɪntəsekʃən/ |
| ⋃ | union | /'juːnɪən/ |
| ∀ | for all | /fə rɔ:l/ |
| cos x | cos x; cosine x | /kɒz/ |
| sin x | sine x | /saɪn/ |
| tan x | tangent x | /tan/ |
| cosec x | cosec x | /'kəʊsek/ |
| sinh x | shine x | /'ʃaɪn/ |
| cosh x | cosh x | /'kɒʃ/ |
| tanh x | than x | /θæn/ |
| |x| | mod x; modulus x | /mɒd/ /'mɒdjʊləs/ |
| ℃ | degrees Centigrade | /dɪ'gri:z 'sentɪgreɪd/ |
| ℉ | degrees Fahrenheit | /dɪ'gri:z 'færənhaɪt/ |
| °K | degrees Kelvin | /dɪ'gri:z 'kelvɪn/ |
| 0°K, –273.15 °C | absolute zero | /absəlu:t zi:rəʊ/ |
| mm | millimetre | /'mɪlɪmiːtə/ |
| cm | centimetre | /'sentɪmiːtə/ |
| cc, cm³ | cubic centimetre, centimetre cubed | /'kjuːbɪk 'sentɪmiːtə/ /'sentɪmiːtə 'kju:bd/ |
| m | metre | /'miːtə/ |
| km | kilometre | /kɪ'lɒmɪtə/ |
| mg | milligram | /'mɪlɪgræm/ |
| g | gram | /græm/ |
| kg | kilogram | /'kɪləgræm/ |
| AC | A.C. | /eɪ si:/ |
| DC | D.C. | /di: si:/ |
举例
| ....................... | |
|---|---|
| x + 1 | x plus one |
| x -1 | x minus one |
| x ± 1 | x plus or minus one |
| xy | x y; x times y; x multiplied by y |
| (x — y)(x + y) | x minus y, x plus y |
| x/y | x over y; x divided by y; |
| x ÷ y | x divided by y |
| x = 5 | x equals 5; x is equal to 5 |
| x ≈ y | x is approximately equal to y |
| x ≡ y | x is equivalent to y; x is identical with y |
| x ≠ y | x is not equal to y |
| x > y | x is greater than y |
| x < y | x is less than y |
| x ≥ y | x is greater than or equal to y |
| x ≤ y | x is less than or equal to y |
| 0 < x < 1 | zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 1 |
| 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 | zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1 |
| x² | x squared |
| x³ | x cubed |
| x4 | x to the fourth; x to the power four |
| xn | x to the n; x to the nth; x to the power n |
| x-n | x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n |
| √ | root x; square root x; the square root of x |
| ∛ | the cube root of x |
| ∜ | the fourth root of x |
| 根号n | the nth root of x |
| (x + y)² | x plus y all squared |
| (x/y)² | x over y all squared |
| n! | n factorial; factorial n |
| x% | x percent |
| ∞ | infinity |
| x ∝ y | x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y |
| x ∝ 1/y | x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y |
| ẋ | x dot |
| ẍ | x double dot |
| f(x) fx | f of x; the function of x |
| f'(x) | f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to x |
| f''x | f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x |
| f'''(x) | f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x |
| f(4) | f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x |
| ∂v | the partial derivative of v |
| ∂v/∂θ | delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ |
| ∂²v/∂θ² | delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to θ |
| dv | the derivative of v |
| dv/dθ | d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to theta |
| d²v/dθ² | d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta, |
| ∫ | integral |
 image
|
integral from zero to infinity |
| ∑ | sum |
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|
the sum from i equals 1 to n |
| w.r.t. | with respect to |
| logey | log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y |
| ∴ | therefore |
| ∵ | because |
| → | gives, approaches |
| Δx → 0 | delta x approaches zero |
| lim Δx→0 | the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero |
| Lt Δx→0 | the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero |
| m/sec | metres per second |
| x ∈ A | x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A |
| x∉ A | x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of A |
| A⊂ B | A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B |
| A ⊆ B | A is contained in B; A is a subset of B |
| A ⋂ B | A intersection B |
| A ⋃ B | A union B |
| cos x | cos x; cosine x |
| sin x | sine x |
| tan x | tangent x, tan x |
| cosec x | cosec x |
| sinh x | shine x |
| cosh x | cosh x |
| tanh x | than x |
| |x| | mod x; modulus x |
| 18 ℃ | eighteen degrees Centigrade |
| 70 ℉ | seventy degrees Fahrenheit |
希腊字母
| Α | α | alpha | /'ælfə/ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Β | β | beta | /'bi:tə/ |
| Γ | γ | gamma | /'gæmə/ |
| Δ | δ | delta | /'deltə/ |
| Ε | ε | epsilon | /'epsilən/ |
| Ζ | ζ | zeta | /'ziːtə/ |
| Η | η | eta | /'iːtə/ |
| Θ | θ | theta | /'θiːtə/ |
| Ι | ι | iota | /aɪ'əʊtə/ |
| Κ | κ | kappa | /'kæpə/ |
| Λ | λ | lamda | /'læmdə/ |
| Μ | μ | mu | /'mjuː/ |
| Ν | ν | nu | /'njuː/ |
| Ξ | ξ | xi | /'ksaɪ/ |
| Ο | ο | omicron | /'əʊmɪkrən/ |
| Π | π | pi | /'paɪ/ |
| Ρ | ρς | rho | /'rəʊ/ |
| Σ | σ | sigma | /'sɪgmə/ |
| Τ | τ | tau | /'tɑʊ/ |
| Υ | υ | upsilon | /'jʊpsɪlən/ |
| Φ | φ | phi | /'faɪ/ |
| Χ | χ | chi | /'kaɪ/ |
| Ψ | ψ | psi | /'psaɪ/ |
| Ω | ω | omega | /'əʊmɪgə/ |
化学元素读音
| Symbol | Name | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Ac | Actinium | /ækt'ɪnɪəm/ |
| Ag | Silver | /'sɪlvə/ |
| Al | Aluminium | /æljʊ'mɪnɪəm/ |
| Am | Americium | /əmə'risɪəm/ |
| Ar | Argon | /'ɑːgɒn/ |
| As | Arsenic | /’ɑːsnɪk/ |
| At | Astatine | /'æstəti:n/ |
| Au | Gold | /'gəʊld/ |
| B | Boron | /'bɔːrɒn/ |
| Ba | Barium | /ˈbəɛrɪəm/ |
| Be | Beryllium | /bəˈrɪlɪəm/ |
| Bh | Bohrium | ˈbɔ:rɪəm/ |
| Bi | Bismuth | /ˈbɪzməθ/ |
| Bk | Berkelium | /ˈbɜ:klɪəm/ |
| Br | Bromine | /ˈbrəʊmiːn/ |
| C | Carbon | /ˈkɑ:bən/ |
| Ca | Calcium | /ˈkælsɪəm/ |
| Cd | Cadmium | /ˈkælmɪəm/ |
| Ce | Cerium | /ˈsi:rɪəm/ |
| Cf | Californium | /kælɪˈfɔ:nɪəm/ |
| Cl | Chlorine | /ˈklɔ:riːn/ |
| Cm | Curium | /ˈkjuːrɪəm/ |
| Co | Cobalt | /ˈkəʊbɒlt/ |
| Cr | Chromium | /ˈkrəʊmɪəm/ |
| Cs | Caesium | /ˈsiːzɪəm/ |
| Cu | Copper | /ˈkɒpə/ |
| Db | Dubnium | /ˈdʌbnɪəm/ |
| Ds | Darmstadtium | /dɑ:mˈstætɪəm/ |
| Dy | Dysprosium | /dɪsˈprəʊzɪəm/ |
| Er | Erbium | /ˈɜ:bɪəm/ |
| Es | Einsteinium | /aɪnˈstaɪnɪəm/ |
| Eu | Europium | /ju:ˈrəʊpɪəm/ |
| F | Fluorine | /ˈflʊəriːn/ |
| Fe | Iron | /ˈaɪən/ |
| Fm | Fermium | /ˈfɜ:mɪəm/ |
| Fr | Francium | /ˈfrænsɪəm/ |
| Ga | Gallium | /ˈgælɪəm/ |
| Gd | Gadolinium | /gædəˈlɪnɪəm/ |
| Ge | Germanium | /dʒəˈmeɪnɪəm/ |
| H | Hydrogen | /ˈhaɪdrəʤən/ |
| He | Helium | /ˈhi:lɪəm/ |
| Hf | Hafnium | /ˈhæfnɪəm/ |
| Hg | Mercury | /ˈmɜ:kjʊrɪ/ |
| Ho | Holmium | /ˈhəʊlmɪəm/ |
| Hs | Hassium | /ˈhæsɪəm/ |
| I | Iodine | /ˈaɪədiːn/ |
| In | Indium | /ˈɪndɪəm/ |
| Ir | Iridium | /ɪˈrɪdɪəm/ |
| K | Potassium | /pəˈtæsɪəm/ |
| Kr | Krypton | /ˈkrɪptən/ |
| La | Lanthanum | /ˈlænθənəm/ |
| Li | Lithium | /ˈlɪθɪəm/ |
| Lr | Lawrencium | /ləˈrensɪəm/ |
| Lu | Lutetium | /ljuːˈtiːʃəm/ |
| Md | Mendelevium | /mendəˈlɪvɪəm/ |
| Mg | Magnesium | /mægˈniːzɪəm/ |
| Mn | Manganese | /ˈmæŋgəniːz/ |
| Mo | Molybdenum | /məˈlɪbdənəm/ |
| Mt | Meitnerium | /maɪtˈnɜ:rɪəm/ |
| N | Nitrogen | /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/ |
| Na | Sodium | /ˈsəʊdɪəm/ |
| Nb | Niobium | /naɪˈəʊbɪəm/ |
| Nd | Neodymium | /niːəʊˈdɪmɪəm/ |
| Ne | Neon | /ˈniːɒn/ |
| Ni | Nickel | /ˈnɪkəl/ |
| No | Nobelium | /nəʊˈbiːlɪəm/ |
| Np | Neptunium | /nepˈtjuːnɪəm/ |
| O | Oxygen | /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ |
| Os | Osmium | /ˈɒzmɪəm/ |
| P | Phosphorus | /ˈfɒsfərəs/ |
| Pa | Protactinium | /prəʊtækˈtɪnɪəm/ |
| Pb | Lead | /ˈled/ |
| Pd | Palladium | /pəˈleɪdɪəm/ |
| Pm | Promethium | /prəˈmiːθɪəm/ |
| Po | Polonium | /pəˈləʊnɪəm/ |
| Pr | Praseodymium | /preɪzɪəʊˈdɪmɪəm/ |
| Pt | Platinum | /ˈplætɪnəm/ |
| Pu | Plutonium | /pluːˈtəʊnɪəm/ |
| Ra | Radium | /ˈreɪdɪəm/ |
| Rb | Rubidium | /ruːˈbɪdɪəm/ |
| Re | Rhenium | /ˈriːnɪəm/ |
| Rf | Rutherfordium | /rʌðəˈfɔ:dɪəm/ |
| Rg | Roentgenium | /rɒntˈgenɪəm/ |
| Rh | Rhodium | /ˈrəʊdɪəm/ |
| Rn | Radon | /ˈreɪdɒn/ |
| Ru | Ruthenium | /ruːˈθiːnɪəm/ |
| S | Sulphur | /ˈsʌlfə/ |
| Sb | Antimony | /'æntɪmənɪ/ |
| Sc | Scandium | /ˈskændɪəm/ |
| Se | Selenium | /səˈliːnɪəm/ |
| Sg | Seaborgium | /siːˈbɔ:gɪəm/ |
| Si | Silicon | /ˈsɪlɪkən/ |
| Sm | Samarium | /səˈmɛərɪəm/ |
| Sn | Tin | /ˈtɪn/ |
| Sr | Strontium | /ˈstrɒntɪəm/ |
| Ta | Tantalum | /ˈtæntələm/ |
| Tb | Terbium | /ˈtɜ:bɪəm/ |
| Tc | Technetium | /tekˈniːʃɪəm/ |
| Te | Tellurium | /təˈlʊərɪəm/ |
| Th | Thorium | /ˈθɔ:rɪəm/ |
| Ti | Titanium | /tɪˈteɪnɪəm/ |
| Tl | Thallium | /ˈθælɪəm/ |
| Tm | Thulium | /ˈθjuːlɪəm/ |
| U | Uranium | /jʊˈreɪnɪəm/ |
| Uub | Ununbium | /juːˈnʌnbɪəm/ |
| Uuh | Ununhexium | /ˌjuːnənˈheksɪəm/ |
| Uuo | Ununoctium | ˌ/juːnəˈnɒktɪəm/ |
| Uup | Ununpentium | /juːnənˈpentɪəm/ |
| Uuq | Ununquadium | /juːnənˈkwɒdɪəm/ |
| Uut | Ununtrium | /juːˈnʌntrɪəm/ |
| V | Vanadium | /vəˈneɪdɪəm/ |
| W | Tungsten | /ˈtʌŋstən/ |
| Xe | Xenon | /ˈzenɒn/ |
| Y | Yttrium | /ˈɪtrɪəm/ |
| Yb | Ytterbium | /ɪˈtɜːbɪəm/ |
| Zn | Zinc | /ˈzɪŋk/ |
| Zr | Zirconium | /zɜːˈkəʊnɪəm/ |
一些公式
| CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
|---|---|
| CO | Carbon monoxide |
| NO2 | Nitrogen dioxide |
| N2O | Dinitrogen oxide |
| NO | Nitrogen oxide |
| N2O4 | Dinitrogen tetroxide |
| SO2 | Sulphur dioxide |
| SO3 | Sulphur trioxide |
| H2SO4 | Suphuric acid |
| HCl | Hydrochloric acid |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid |
| PCl5 | Phosphorus pentachloride |
