语域
- 缩写词属于非正式词，不能用于公务书信
- 在正式文体中，泛指的不定代词you换为one
非正式：you never know.
正式：one never know.
正式文体中，引导词that不能省略
插入语使句子更具有正式性
满分句型和高分词汇
简单句
被动
什么时候用到被动：
（1）无主句
（2）人称代词作主语的句子
汉语中只要听到我们、人们、大家、越来越多的人、许多人等都可以考虑写成被动句
举例：
- 我们应该孝敬父母。
Parents should be respected by us/we/people.
可替换：
parents——superiors，the elderly，senior citizens
should——ought to，be supposed to，be obliged to(有法律上的应该)
us/we/people——泛指对象：human beings，private individuals(侧重个体)，the folks/the masses
具体对象：teenagers and youngsters，undergraduates(学生、大学生、本科生)，students on campus，experts and professors，all children and adults，man and women in all walks(各行各业的男男女女们)，customers
- 我们不应该盲目追星。
Superstars ought to not to be pursued blindly by teenagers and youngsters.
可替换：not——fail to，never，by no means，under no circumstances
- 污染很严重
Pollution is thought to be very serious by an increasing number of experts and professors.
可替换：
thought ——hold，maintain，have been convinced that
very——distinctly，extraordinarily，more than
serious——grave，severe，fearful，fetal，grievous，critical，be of great serverity
参考：推荐将文章中心写成被动句，放在第一段的最后一句，或者第三段的最后一句，总结文章。
there be 句型
there exist 存在
there seem/appear 好像、似乎
there remain 保持、一直
举例：
There exits many reasons to explain my idea.
可替换：
many——a sea of ，a host of，a multitude of ，an army of，+可数名词）
many——immense amounts of ， +不可数名词）
many—— numerous+可数不可数都行
reasons——causes，factors，grounds，arguments
explain ——account for，countribute to
idea——point，outlook
- 有确凿的证据表明
There is strong evidence to show that...
参考：推荐将there be句型写在第二段的第一句话，引出原因分析的时候使用
比较结构
（1）as...as...
作文中只要出现形容词或副词都可以考虑写成这种句型，如果句子不够长，还可以加which引导的非限制性定语从句对它进行补充说明。
Liu is as beautiful as a white lily,which manages to catch the eyes of a host of teenagers and youngsters.
可替换：
be—— look，smell，taste，feel，sound，seem，appear，prove，become，get，keep，remain
beautiful——graceful，elegant
- 自信很重要
Confidence keeps as important as air and water, which play a key role in the normal growth of all creatures in the land.
可替换：
important——vital，significant，play a key role in sth.
- 污染很严重
Pollution is as serious as earthquakes, which have threatened the health of helpless natives or even taken their lives away.
自己写一个xxx很重要和一个xxx很严重的模板
参考：推荐将本句型第一段的最后一句话，引出文章中心，或者是第三段的最后一句话，总结。
（2）the more...the more...
the +形容词/副词的比较级 +句子，the +形容词/副词的比较级 +句子.
- 爬得越高，看得越远
The farther one climbs, the higher he will see.
- 越努力，越幸运
The harder children and adults work, the more fortunate they will become.
- 文化交流的越频繁，经济发展的越迅速。
The more frequently cultures are exchanged, the more rapidly Chinese economy will evolve.
- 为什么年龄大的人工作满意度越高？
The elder employees become, the more pesceful life they will lead.
参考：推荐将本句型写在第二段，原因分析时使用。
并列句
and but
and替换：likewise, in the meanwhile
but替换：conversely, on the contrary
看图写作——picture可替换：cartoon, drawing, painting, caricature,photograph
In the former photo, a man is writing the name of Beckham on his face. At the same time, another youngster is spending 300 having his hair cut into the style of Beckham.In the bar chart, the proportion of Japanese brands, from the year of 2008 to 2009, dropped by nearly 10 percent in the Chinese market. On the contrary, the quantity of Chinese cars, in the same period, rocketed from about 25 percent to 33 percent.
参考：推荐将本句型写在第一段，描述 两个主体两个动作和两幅图时使用。
not only... but also...
- 养宠物的好处
Raising peis can reduce the loneliness of senioer citizens.
Raising peis can cultivate the loving heart of kids.
Raising peis can not only reduce the loneliness of senioer citizens but also cultivate the loving heart of kids.
- 为什么孝敬父母
Respecting parents not only keeps a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves to be the responsibility of their offspring.
- 为什么大学生兼职——兼职工作不但能锻炼我们自己的实践实力而且还能赚些薪水养活自己。
Part-time jobs not only allow you to exercise practical ability but also make you earn some salaries to support yourself.
- 大学生为什么出去旅游？
Undergraduates not only can appreciate beautiful scenery during their trip but also can make more friends.
参考：推荐将本句型写在第二段，原因分析时使用。
复合句
主语从句
that you never fail to fascinate me is obvious.
it... that...
It is common knowledge that/It is self-evident that/It has been found that/It is beyond dispute that 众所周知
It keeps my perspective that 我认为
更好的主语从句的变体是：What...is that...
参考：作文中任何一句话的前面都可以用本句型，用来拉长一句话，推荐写在第一段第一句话的前面，用来引出描述图画或图表。
同位语和同位语从句
（1）名词做同位语
My boyfriend, a rich businessman, really has no much time to accompany me.A boy, a crazy soccer fan, is writing the name of Beckham, a well-known sportsman throughout the world, on his face. on his face.
参考：任何一个名词都可以加名词作为同位语，大作文最多两次，小作文最多一次。
（2）同位语从句
- 她长着一副大眼睛这个事实表明她是一个美女。
The truth that she wears a pair of big eyes indicates that she looks like a beauty.
- 很多女生都穿上了漂亮的花裙子这个事实表明夏天已经偷偷的来了。
The truth that a sea of girls have worn colorful skirts indicates that summer is around the cornor secretly.
- 污染
The truth that a heaven of bright stars and pure moonlight fail to be detected by urban kids indicates that
pollution becomes increasingly fearful in our contemporary society.
参考：推荐将本句型写在第二段，该句型的模板是The truth that+表示原因的句子+indicates that+论点句。
定语和定语从句
描述图画时，必须加定语，使图画的描述很生动。
（1）定语
An American girl with a smile on her face is wearing Chinese costume which keeps popular in the southeast of the China.The boy young as well as energetic is rushing to the destination which becomes a new start.The eldest son looking rather cruel as well as ugly is kicking his father who trembles on the ground like a fallen leaf in autumn.
描述图画的万能定语：
- 好的：
as well as 连接两个形容词：
小而可爱的：cute,lovely；little
年轻貌美的：graceful,elegant；young
自信充满活力的：confident；energetic
积极乐观的：enthusiastic,passionate,optimistic,active（任选2个）
有梦想有追求的：aggressive,ambitious
坚持的：persistent
who looks distinctly impressive to readers 给读者深刻印象
- 坏的：
as well as 连接两个形容词：
fat(肥胖的),cruel(残忍的),ugly(丑陋的),uncourteous(粗鲁的，不懂礼貌的)
消极悲观的：negative,gloomy,pessimistic
short-sighted(目光短浅的),double-face(两面派，虚伪的)
contemptible(卑鄙的),hot-tempered(脾气坏的)
糟糕的：terrible,disgusting,disgraceful
who looks rather less impressive to readers 不能给读者留下深刻印象
（2）定语从句
- 他是个色狼，这是显而易见的。
He looks like a lady-killer(也可以翻译为万人迷), which has been widely accepted by the people around him. which has left people a deep impression in our contemporary.(以上两句形容好坏均可) which might bring people unexpected trouble under modern condition.(这句形容坏的)
定语从句的满分表达：
which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰整句话，which翻译成“这”
参考：本句型为万能句型，可以写在任何一个陈述句后面，用来拉长句子，推荐写在作文的第二段，某个比较短的原因后面拉长句子。
状语和状语从句
副词、时间、地点、条件、目的、让步、伴随、方式、原因、结果so...that
We are having class intently(专心地). when .... on the internet. although .... by the internet. because .... so ... that ....
描述图画万能状语：
in the center of the vivid picture 在这个生动的图片的中央
分析原因的万能状语：
in the general routine of everyday living 在我们日常生活中
although many people fail to pay attention to the problem 虽然很多人还没关注到这个问题
as many private individuals tends to see it 就像很多个体所看到的那样
可替换：pay attention to——pour attention to, place great emphasis on, attach great importance to, shed light on, focus on
problem——issue, matter, current situation, subject
参考：状语的位置很灵活，随便放，但是状语放在主谓之间，作为插入语使用是作文满分句型。作文的第一段描述图表或图画时一定要用状语，使图表或图画的描述显得很完整。
状语从句的满分表达：
although 可以写在任何一句话的旁边，对该句话进行弱转折
-
为什么说盲目追星不好
Pursuring celebrities blindly proves to be a waste of time and energy of students on campus although their touching singing could comport the soul of audiences. -
为什么农民工涌入城市
Peasant-workers, in big cities, not only could find more job oppotunities but also enable their offspring to enjoy equal education like their peers(同龄人) in urban areas although they might lead to a though life there, rising early and going to bed late.
参考：推荐写在作文的第二段分析原因时使用。
so...that... 只要出现形容词或副词的地方，都可以用这个句型
Perseverance is so vital that it is good time for youngsters to restrain themselves to insist their dream.Supporting the elderly is so crucial that time is supposed to be spared to accompany their parents.
万能句： sth proves so significant/fearful that it should have been brought into the limelight under modern condition.这件事如此重要/严重以至于它早就应该被带到聚光灯下了
参考：推荐写在作文的第一段的最后一句话引出文章中心时或第三段第一句话总结文章时使用。
分词作状语，放在主谓之间，作为插入语使用
I, disliking you now, will breaking up with you.An American girl, smiling, is wearing Chinese costume. An American girl young as well as elegant, smiling sweetly on her face, is wearing Chinese costume which is popular in the sooutheast of China.The hot pot, smoking, isfilled with cultures. The hot pot not only delicious but also healthy, smoking in the center of the vivid picture, is filled with cultures from China and foreign nations.
参考：推荐写在作文的第一段描述一幅图一个主体两个动作时使用，它的模板是：sb（主体），doing sth.(次要动作)+定/状，is doing sth.(主要动作)+定/状。
特殊结构
双重否定
cannot fail to do sth.=must do
Kids cannnot fail to be educated/inspired by their parent to ...(这里写的越准确分越高)More activities cannot fail to be organized by their schools to ...University students cannot fail to know their interests as these offer clues for theire future careers.
参考：本句型写在第三段政府/集体/个人的具体措施时候使用。
修辞
（1）比喻
xxx对xxx很重要：...is to ... as water is to fish/as the foundation is to high skyscrapers/as the infinite blue sky is to little larks(云雀)/...
xxx对xxx很严重：...is to ...as pollution is to all the human beings/as intensive pain is to terminally ill patients/...
参考：同as...as和so...that...
（2）排比
两个就可以算排比
-
形容词
Liu is a teacher elegant and graceful. Liu is a teacher kind, elegant and graceful. -
副词
Measures should be taken quickly, toughly and effectly. -
句子
We were in the midst of shock——but we acted.We acted quickly, boldly, decisively. 我们正处于危机之中，但我们采取行动了。我们行动迅速、大胆、果断。
强调句型It is ... that ...
-
I met my old flame in the street yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met my old flame in the street. It was my old flame that I met in the street yesterday. It was I that met my old flame in the street yesterday. -
有很多的原因解释这种现象
It is numerous factors that there exist to account for the phenomenon.
参考：作文中的所有句子都可以写成强调句，但是推荐写在第一段的最后一句话/第二段的第一句话/第三段的第一句话使用。
倒装
就是把一句话写成一般疑问句的形式，给一句话提个助动词在句首。
（1）否定词放在句首用倒装
-
我从来不是一个彪悍外向的女人
I am never a woman tough and outgoing. Never am I a woman tough and outgoing. -
他不但看起来很穷，而且事实上他的内心也很贫穷
He not only looks poor but also in fact is needy in his mind. Not only does he look poor but also in fact is needy in his mind.
（2）so...that...
-
My mather is so kind that she will never kill an ant.
So kind is my mather that she will never kill an ant. So significant/fearful does sth. keep that...
虚拟语气
if虚拟语气
If I were you, I would...
-
如果我们都不孝敬父母......
If parents fail to be respected by their sons or daughters, they will be despised(鄙视) by their own children in the near future. If parents failed to be respected by their sons or daughters, they would be despised(鄙视) by their own children in the near future. -
如果每个大学生都沉溺于网络
If every university students were indulged in surfing the internet every day, he might achieve nothing until the end of life. he might be confronted with a dim and gloomy future.
参考：本句型推荐写在第二段，原因分析的时候使用（一般用于反面论证），第二个或第三个原因
it is imperative/essential/urgent that.... xxx很紧急
that后面加should do表虚拟
It is urgent that Chinese citizens should ...(这里写的越准确分越高)-
大学生旅游目的调查
It is necessary that university students should be encouraged to go out and see the beauty of the world with their friends or just alone. -
参加体育锻炼
It is important the teenagers and youngsters should participate in more sports activities to keep fit whether indoors or outdoors.
参考：本句型推荐写在第三段，写具体措施时使用
段落
针对第二段原因分析，写三个原因。
如果能用中文想到原因，就用以下的句型写原因：
the more the more
not only but also
although
the truth
if
如果用中文想不到原因，就用以下方式写原因：
段落论证方式
定义和解释
-
什么是追星
Pursuing stars is a popular trend among youngsters which means that we buy their CDs, we take part in their concerts and we learn to sing their songs when we are still young. -
什么是孝敬父母
Respecting parents is a Chinese traditional virtue which means that we buy gifts for them, we wash clothes for them, and we cook delicious foods for them when they are in need of us. -
什么是乐观
Optimism is a positive attitude which means that one fails to be afraid of frustrations, one is brave to face any difficuties and one smiles at people he meets even when he lives in the gutter(阴沟) currenttly.
sth. is 定义 which means that 三个并列的简单句 when 时间状语从句.
定义 可写：
a severe global issue 一个全球问题
a Chinese traditional virtue 一个中华民族传统美德
a social pervasive trend 一个社会流行趋势
an active/a negative mentality 一种积极/消极心态
a hot social subject 一种社会热门话题
参考：通常用在第一个原因分析
统计和事实
根据最近的来自M的统计，很多人认为...
根据按照：In light of/ on the basis of
最近的：the latest/current
统计：survey/statistics
从阅读理解里抄一个统计机构名字M
an increasing number of 人（可写的具体一些）
think that...
- 大学生使用手机调查
In light of the latest survey in a university, the majority of undergraduates tend to use mobilephones for reading books including professional and non-professional knowledge.
引用名人名言
提前查好名人，然后套以下模板
Once, there seemed a writer(换成一个具体xxx家)
who has gain great reputation
in ______ named ________(提前查好)
stating that:(开始编)
the more...the more..../as....as...../so....that...../if....../比喻(选一个句型编)
Once, there seemed a writer who has gained great reputation in South Africa stating that: a healthy body is to human beings as water is to fish.
举例
（1）举小例子
英语的抽象名词或复数名词后可以加such as来举小例子
I love reading masterpieces such as Gone with the Wind, Pride and Prejudice, and Little Prince.
（2）举大例子
等于for example的句子：
Although multitudes of cases can suport my simple view, the following one is most favorable.
To examine this, let's return to the example of sb./sth.
Although multitudes of cases can suport my simple view, the following one is most favorable. I, the other day, had a high fever. Because it rained heavily last night, unfortunately no families or roomates took care of me during the hoilday. At that moment, a dormitory assistant entered to give me some medicines. Then, I recovered the next day. So the story vividly tell us....
举例时需要注意：一定要用自己绝对拿得准的单词和语法，在此基础上，单词尽量准确，除非有特别明显的时间，通常都用过去式，正确使用逻辑关系词。
因果
if引导的the more the more 虚拟语气
- 大学生使用手机打发时间
If more students spent more time on cellphones, killing times, their academic performance would be affected.The pooer their academic performance becomes, the more difficultly the will graduate from universities.
参考：选三种句型，或选两种句型和一种论证方式。
大作文
图画作文
第一段：图画描述+中心总结
第一二句话：用主语从句引出描述图画：What is ... is that 图画描述
第三句话：引出寓意的过渡语：
it is apparent that the author of the drawing tries to reveal to us...
第四句话：中心总结
we should do sth.
we should never do sth.
sth. is very important
sth. is very serious
(应用其他满分句型替换)
第二段：原因分析
第一句话：引出原因分析的句子
there be句型
The majority of people would agree that the issue has its deep roots as follows.
Personally, it is my belief that some reasons could account for such phenomenon.
If to proceed unchecked, the problem will undoutedly cause many problems.
3个具体原因分析
首先：first of all/to begain with
The main element for the problem is that其次：besides/in addition/moreover/furthermore
最后：last but not least/consequently/in the end
第三段：总结措施
第一句话：总结句
To sum up,+(被动/as..as../so..that../比喻)
第二三句话：具体措施
cannot fail to to do
it is urgent that...should...
最后一句话：喊口号
(1)总结法
every coin has two sides, sth. is to no exception.
believe that a happy and bright future is awaiting us if we make every effort to promote+好事/ban+坏事
(2)反问法
isn't sth. indisensable for the mental health of people?
shouldn't we pay much attention to the issue of sth.?
(3)引语法
just as has put it,"......"
图表作文
第一段：图表描述+中心总结
泛指图标：graph/chart/table
状图：pie chart
直方图或柱形图：bar chart
线形图：line chart
表格：table
增加：increase/climb/soar
减少：decrease/go down/continue its downward trend
大幅度地：sharply/markly
慢慢地：slowly/slightly/gradually
第一句话：what is obvious is that+描述图表
第二句话：过渡句
第三句话：中心句，自己写（简单句加状语）
第二段：原因分析
同图画作文
第三段：总结措施
同图画作文
也可以加个预测趋势再写措施和总结
小作文
公务书信（给不熟悉的人的）
称呼
文中给出就用文中的
文中没给出：Dear Sir or Madam
正文
第一段：自我介绍+写作目的：
自我介绍：
（1）文中给出：I am+文中给出的信息
（2）文中没给：
I am a senior from the department of (专业名字) in the/a university.(给校内人员用the，给校外人员用a)
写作目的：
I am writing the letter, to be honest, in order to+文中给出的目的
第二段（文中一定给出要求，按要求来写）：
不需要过渡句，直接写要求的内容
推荐句型：
so...that...
主语从句+句子+逻辑关系词+句子
原因+状语从句
第三段（两句）：
（1）文中做出要求：
第一句写文中的要求
第二句写期待回信
（2）文中没有要求：
表示感谢+期待回信
表示感谢：
My thanks to you for your generous assistance are beyond words.
Words fail me when I desire to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind consideration my requirement/application/complaint
期待回信：
I am looking forward to your reply.
I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
落款
yours turly,
私人书信（给熟悉的人的）
称呼
Dear+文中给出的称呼
正文
第一段：问候语+写作目的
问候语自己写
写作目的同公务书信
第二段（按文中要求写）
同公务书信
第三段
（1）文中做出要求：
第一句写文中的要求
第二句写祝福语
（2）文中没做出要求：
第一句写祝福语
第二句期待回信
祝福语：
Please bring my best wished to your famliy.
I wish you good health and lots of happinese.
...
落款
同公务书信
告示类文章
标题
正文
第一段：写作目的+具体论述
We are to+写作目的
具体论述同公务书信第二段
第二段：欢迎加入+联系方式
欢迎加入：
welcome to join us.
联系方式：
if you intended to join us, please email us at xxxx@xx.com
