Unit 43 You shouldn't do that.

第四十三课 你不应该做那事

本课重点： 怎样表达应该或不应该做某事

A. Texts & Notes

1. It's dangerous.

 妻子： 小心点！
 丈夫：什么？
 妻子：别碰它，危险。
 丈夫：别担心，挺安全的。
 妻子：当心！
 丈夫：啊！
 （这段课文电视节目中不再演播，请自学。）

 注1. 提出警告，常用简单有力的语言。如：
 Be careful! 小心！
 Don't (touth it)! 勿（抚摸）！
 Look out! 当心。
 Mind (your head)! 注意（碰头）！
 Watch out! 警惕！
再介绍几个告示，它是用简单明了的文字提醒人们注意的。如：

2. You should see a doctor.

 (There's something wrong with the 'Please wait' sign. The doctor gose out and leaves the electrician alone to repair it. Then, a lady come in. She thinks he is the doctor. …）
 Mrs Fortescue: I feel very tired these days.
 Electrician: Well, you shouldn't go to bed so late.
 Mrs Fortescue: Oh! No, I'm also getting a little …
 Electrician: Fat.
 Mrs Fortescue: Well, yes.
 Electrician: That's easy. You shouldn't eat so much.
 Mrs Fortescue: No, I get headaches, in the evenings.
 Electrician: You shouldn't wacth so much television.
 Mrs Fortescue: I suppose not. What about my sore throat? That isn't because of television.
 Electrician: You shouldn't smoke so much.
 Mrs Fortescue: Well, no.
 Electrician: I've got to go now.
 Mrs Fortescue: But what about me? I feel ill.
 Electrician: You should see a doctor.
 Mrs Fortescue: But you're the doctor.
 Electrician: Me? No. I'm the electrician.

 （“请等候”信号出了点毛病。医生出去了。只有电工一人在修理。这时，一位妇女进来，她以为他是医生。于是……）
 福特斯克太太：我最近感到很疲乏。
 电工：那，你不该睡得那么晚。
 福特斯克太太：啊！不。我还开始有点……
 电工：发胖。
 福特斯克太太：嗯，是的。
 电工：那容易。你不该吃那么多。
 福特斯克太太：不。我到了晚上头就痛。
 电工：你不应该看那么多的电视。
 福特斯克太太：是不应该。那我的嗓子痛又是怎么回事呢？那总不是因为电视吧。
 电工：你不应该抽那么多的烟。
 福特斯克太太：噢，不。
 电工：我要走了。
 福特斯克太太：那我怎么办？我不舒服。
 电工：你应该去看病。
 福特斯克太太：可你就是医生啊！
 电工：我？不。我是电工。

 注3. 表示劝告、建议可用情态动词 should，意思是“应当”。
 情态动词用来表示说话人的语气和情态，但不能单独作谓语动词，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语动词，情态动词本身具有意思。我们已经学过的情态动词有：can，could，would，may，have to，must和 should。
 must和 should都没有时态和人称变化。如：
  You should eat less, and walk everywhere, not drive.（你应该少吃，到什么地方都步行，不用汽车。）
  You shouldn't put your hand near that. I got an electric shock when I touched it.（你不应该把手靠近那个，我刚才碰它时给电打了一下。）
 注4. wrong 意思是“错的”。指东西时，意思是“故障、毛病”；指人时，意思是“不舒服、有病”。如：
  I told the doctor what was wrong and he told me what to do.（ 我告诉医生哪里不舒服，他告诉我怎么办。）
  I wonder what's wrong with it.（不知道这里什么出了毛病。）
 注5. get 和形容词连用，表示“变得、成为”。get 常和形容词的比较级连用。如：
 It's getting darker and darker.（天越来越黑了。）
 Our country is getting stronger and stronger.（我们国家越来越强大。）
 feel 和 become 也可以这样用。
 注6. What about … ？常用于口语，用来征求意见或问消息，意思是“……怎么样？”如：
 We are going home. What about you?（我们要回家了，你呢？）
 What about going to the Summer Palace this Sunday?（这星期日去颐和园怎么样？）
 What about 的后面不用动词，只能用名词，或动名词。
 注7. because of 表示“因为”，只和名词或动名词连用。如：
 We didn't go because of the rain.（我们因为下雨没有去。）
 He didn't go to the party because of the meeting yesterday evening.（因为昨天晚上的会议，他没有去参加联欢会。）
 注8. I've got to 等于 I have to，表示“不得不，必须”。
 注9.Cheerio! 用在分手时，表示“再会”，用在祝洒时，表示“干杯”，是个感叹词。Cheerio 是英国的用语，美国人一般不用。

3. What's wrong with you?

 (The doctor is now in his surgery. But Mrs Fortescue has told Mrs Green that the electrician was working there. So, when Mrs Green comes in …）
 Doctor: Well, Mrs Green.
 Mrs Green: Well?
 Doctor: What's wrong?
 Mrs Green: My shoulder hurts. I want the doctor to look at it.
 Doctor: Right. Why don't you take your dress off?
 Mrs Green: What?
 Doctor: Take your dress off, please. I want to look at your shoulder.
 Mrs Green: Certainly not!
 Doctor: It's all right. Mrs Green, don't worry. If you want me to help you, you should let me look at it.
 Mrs Green: Keep away from me!
 Doctor: Mrs Green!
 Mrs Green: She told me about you.
 Doctor: Pardon?
 Mrs Green: She told me you were working here.
 Doctor: Of course. I'm working here. Have you been drinking. Mrs Green?
 Mrs Green: How dare you! Doctor, help me!

 （医生现在在诊所里，可是福特斯克太太告诉格林太太说电工在那里工作。所以，格林太太进来后……）
 医生：噢，格林太太……
 格林太太：嗯？
 医生：哪里不舒服？
 格林太太：我的肩膀痛，我想让医生给我看一下。
 医生：好的，你怎么不脱衣服呀？
 格林太太：什么？
 医生：请你把衣服脱掉。我要看一看你的肩膀。
 格林太太：我才不脱呢！
 医生：不要紧的，格林太太，不要担心。如果你要我帮助你，你就应该让我看一下。
 格林太太：别靠近我！
 医生：格林太太！
 格林太太：她告诉我关于你的事了。
 医生：什么？
 格林太太：她告诉我你在这儿工作。
 医生：当然，我在这儿工作。格林太太，你是不是喝酒了？
 格林太太：你好大胆！医生，快来帮忙呀！

 注10. 下列用语表示有病，不舒服：
 I feel ill.（我觉得不舒服。）
 I don't feel very well.（我觉得不太舒服。）
 I've get a headache.（我头痛。）
 I'm got a pain in my shoulder. （我肩膀疼。）
 My leg hurts.（我腿痛。）
 There's something wrong with my stomach.（我肚子不舒服。）
 注11. Why don't … ? 也是一种劝告别人的说法。例如：
 You look ill. Why don't you see a doctor?（你看上去不太好，你为什么不去看病？）
 It's not to late. Why don't you come and have a cup of tea?（天还不太晚，为什么不来喝杯茶？）
 注12. 脱衣服可以说: take your dress off. 也可以说：take off your dress. 一般情况下代词和短的名词放在 off 的前面，而长的名词和名词短语帽放在 off 的后面。
 注13. Certainly not! 用于拒绝别人的请求、要求等，如答应别人的请求或要求时，可说 Certainly!
 注14. If … you should … 意思是“假如……，你就应……。”这样的句子在提出劝告的同时说明了劝告的原因。if … 是状语从句，表示条件、假设。例：
 If you want to find the post office, you should ask the police.（假如你要找邮局，你就当问警察。）
 注15. Keep away. 意思是“分开，别靠近。” keep 有“保持”的意思，如：keep silent. （保持沉默。）keep quiet.（保持安静。）Keep away. 要进一步说明离开什么人或东西，应加 from … ，如：
 Keep away from fire.（别靠近火。）
 Keep away from moisture.（勿放潮湿处。）
 动物园有猛兽处杯以：Keep away! 意思即“请勿靠近！”
 注16. pardon. 意思是“对不起，请原谅。” 在没听清楚别人的话，要求对方重复时，说 Pardon? 这是有礼貌的表示：我没听清楚，你说什么？请再说一遍。

B. Exercise

1. 电视节目和录音带中有三段实例
   (1) 听后填齐：
    1st Mechanic: Jack! Jack! You shouldn't do that. It's very
    2nd Mechanic: No. It's
   (2) 听后填齐：
    1st Mechanic: Morning, Jack.
    2nd Mechanic:
    1st Mechanic: You should see a . That sounds bad.
    2nd Mechanic: Yes.
    1st Mechanic: You shouldn't so much.
    2nd Mechanic: And you shouldn't he so . We start at .
   (3) 判断是非：
    a. The 1st Mechanic says he has cut his finger. ( T )
    b. The 2nd Mechanic says if he wants him to help him, he should let him call the doctor. ( F )
    c. The 2nd Mechanic says wants to look at his finger. ( T）
    d. The 2nd Mechanic says he should see a doctor.( T )
    e. The 2nd Mechanic says he should go home. ( F )
    1st Mechanic: Ow!
    2nd Mechanic: What's the matter?
    1st Mechanic: I've cut my finger.
    2nd Mechanic: Is it bad?
    1st Mechanic: No, It's okey.
    2nd Mechanic: If you want me to help you, you should let me look at it.
    1st Mechanic: Oh, all right.
    2nd Mechanic: You should see a doctor.
2. 用 should 和 shouldn't，I think you should 或 I don't think you should 表示括号中所给的意思。
   例：I'm very tired. ( go to bed earlier / not go to bed so late )
     You should go to bed earlier. 或：I'm think you should go to bed earlier.)
     You shouldn't go to bed so late. 或：I don't think you should go to bed late.)
   (1) I've got a very bad cold. ( get some medicine. / not go out today.)
     You should get some medicine. 或：I'm think you should get some medicine.
     You shouldn't go out today. 或：I don't think you should go out today.
   (2) I've lost my passport. ( go to the embassy. / not be so careless.)
     You should go to the embassy. 或：I'm think you should go to the embassy.
     You shouldn't be so careless. 或：I don't think you should be so careless.
   (3) I've had an accident. ( drive more slowly. / not drive so fast.)
     You should drive more slowly. 或：I'm think you should drive more slowly.
     You shouldn't drive so fast. 或：I don't think you should drive so fast.
   (4) I've got a bad toothache. ( go and see a dentist. / not eat any more today.)
     You should go and see a dentist. 或：I' think you should go and see a dentist.
     You shouldn't eat any more today.或：I don't think you should eat any more today.
3. 阅读“伦敦指南”中的片断，回答下列问题：
              LONDON GUIDE
    For Medical Attention: University College Hospital Gower St., W. C. I, and the Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St., W. I — both have 24-hour casualty services.
    For Medicine: Boots in Piccadilly Circus. S. W. I, is open 24 hours.
    Post office: The one in TrafalgarSquare is open 24 hours.
    In Emergencies: Dial 999 for police, fire or ambulance services.
    London Tourist Board: Information and help throughout London. Offices at 26 Grosvenor Gardens, S. W. I, in Harrods. Selfridges — and at Victoria Station where it's open 8 am — 10.30 pm May— Sept, and 9 am — 8.30 pm (Suns. till 5 pm) Oct. — April (adjacent to platform 15). The L. T. B. can also recommend excellent guides to London if you wish to go sightseeing accompanied by someone, and can also with please to stay, including an inexpensive accommodation service, telephone information on 730 0791 Mon, — Fri.
   (1) What should I do if I see an accident? ( see Emergencies )
     You should dial 999 and ask for help.
   (2) What should I do if I feel ill? ( see Medical Attention )
     You should go to University College Hospital or Middieex Hospital.
   (3) What should I do if I want to post a letter on Sunday? ( see Post Office )
     You should go to Traflalgar Square. There's a post office whitch is open 24 hours.
   (4) What should I do if I want to find a hotel? ( see London Tourist Board )
     You should go to the office of the London Tourist Board. And from Monday to Friday you can teleghone them. The number is 730 0791.
   (5) What should I do if I need some medicine? ( see Medicine )
     You should go to Piccadlly to get it.

C. Summary

1. 说法与用法

 (1) 提出警告：
  Be careful!
  Look out!
  Mind your head!
 (2) 提出建议：
  ( I think ) you should see a doctor.
  You shouldn't smoke so much.
  What should I do?
  Why don't you see a doctor?
 (3) 假设与建议：
  If you want me to help you, you should let me look at it.

2. 语法

 用 if 引导的从句是条件状语从句，提出假设和条件。

You should see a doctor.
You shouldn't smoke so much.
It's all right, don't worry.
Thanks for telling me.
If you want me to help you, you should let me look at it.

D. Words & Expressions

附：Follow me （欧洲版教材）

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