Why do we cling to vacuous generational labels such as 'millennial'?
为什么我们会紧紧“抓牢”诸如“千禧一代”,这类给一代人贴的空洞标签?
Picture a millennial. She likes squishy pillows because they soothe her anxiety. She likes curvy fonts for this reason, too, and baby cacti. She can't have a real baby because she is too poor. She can't find a partner because she is too alienated.
在脑海里想象一位千禧一代的形象:她喜欢松软的枕头,因为它们可以缓解焦虑;也出于同样的原因,她喜欢弯弯曲曲的字体和仙人掌的幼苗;她无法拥有一个真正的孩子,因为她太穷了;她找不到伴侣,因为她太孤僻了。
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Rationally, ascribing similar socioeconomic circumstances to the roughly 1.8 billion people born between 1981 and 1996 makes no sense. A generational stereotype substitutes the terrifying work of trying to really understand yourself or anyone around you with something much easier: everything can be explained in terms of whether you were born in 1979 or 1981.
从理性的角度出发,出生于 1981 年至 1996 年间的人有大约 18 亿,把他们都归为同一社会经济阶层显然是不合理的。但树立起关于一代人的刻板印象,可以为你避开一件可怕的差事,那就是设法真正了解你自己或者周围的人,取而代之的是一件容易很多的事:你的出生年份——1979 年或是 1981 年就可以解释所有事。
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Millennials were named Generation Me by the psychologist Jean M Twenge in 2006, but an almost identical term — "me generation" — was coined in 1976 to describe the baby boomers. Terrible loneliness, the millennial's special affliction, is now being attributed to Gen Z.
千禧一代在 2006 年被心理学家让·玛丽·特温格称为 Generation Me(“我一代”),然而一个几乎一摸一样的名词——“me generation”在 1976 年就被创造了出来,它被用来描述“婴儿潮”时期出生的一代。巨大的孤独感,曾是千禧一代的特殊困扰,现在正被当作 Z 世代的特质。
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The same epithets are recycled, but we have a habit of describing each new generation as though it will be the last: the most selfish, the most isolated, the most depressed.
尽管同样的形容词被循环使用,我们却仍习惯于把每一个新世代都描绘成最自私、最孤僻,也最颓丧的样子——仿佛他们是最后一代人。
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Life is difficult because it is practically impossible to know, or be known, by anyone. Predetermined characteristics offer some kind of pattern for explaining inconsistency. Humans have been trying to deal with this problem since at least 400BC, when Hippocrates divided peoples' temperaments according to which "humour" predominated in their bodies.
生活之所以艰难,是因为它几乎无法预测,也几乎没人能预测它。为新世代的人预设一些特征,能够为世界的反复无常提供某种规律性的解释。至少从公元前 4 世纪开始,人们就一直在试图应对这种无常了,当时,希波克拉底根据人们身体里占比最高的“体液”,来给他们的性情分类。
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The generational stereotype is a relatively modern solution to an ancient problem; it provides a helpful scaffold for your personality, allowing you to feel individual but at the same time comfortingly typical. You bear no responsibility for the more unsavoury aspects of your character. You are a product of your time.
相比之下,树立关于一代人的刻板印象,是应对这个老问题时,更为新式的解决方法。它为你认识自己的性格提供了一些有益的参考。它让你在感到自己与众不同的同时,也因为自己的性格足够典型而感到心安。你不用为你性格上更不讨喜的方面承担任何责任。你只是时代的“产物”。
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主编:夏天
品控:Pita
审核:桃子
重点词汇
cling
/klɪŋ/
v. 紧紧抓住,抱住;坚守信念或想法
英文释义:to hold onto sth. tightly
搭配短语:cling to sth.
例句:A scared child will cling to his / her parent.
例句:He is clinging to the past.
vacuous
/ˈvæk.ju.əs/
adj. 空洞的,没有意义的
相关词汇:vacuum(n. 吸尘器;空白)
搭配短语:a vacuous question
搭配短语:a vacuous life
squishy
/ˈskwɪʃ.i/
adj. 松软的
相关词汇:squish(v. 把某个软东西压扁)
soothe
/suːð/
v. 抚慰,缓和
搭配短语:to apply some aloe to soothe the skin
搭配短语:to soothe a crying baby
alienated
/ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪ.t̬ɪd/
adj. 感到格格不入的,孤僻的
相关词汇:alien(n. 外星人;adj. 陌生的)
词根词缀:-ate(构成动词的词缀)
相关词汇:alienate(v. 疏远某人,使某人感到被孤立)
搭配短语:to alienate one's family
rationally
/ˈræʃ.ən.əl.i/
adv. 理性地
相关词汇:rational(adj. 理性的)
搭配短语:rational behavior
ascribe
/əˈskrɑɪb/
v. 认为是……的特点
搭配短语:ascribe A to B(认为 A 是 B 的特点)
例句:Local people ascribe healing properties to this fruit.
socioeconomic
/ˌsoʊ.si.oʊˌiː.kəˈnɑː.mɪk/
adj. 社会经济的
substitute
/ˈsʌb.stə.tuːt/
v. 代替
搭配短语:substitute A with B
近义搭配:replace A with B
搭配短语:to substitute whole milk with fat-free milk
coin
/kɔɪn/
v. 发明或杜撰(新词)
affliction
/əˈflɪk.ʃən/
n. 折磨;疾病
相关词汇:afflict(n. 折磨)
搭配短语:the afflictions of modern society
attribute
/ˈæt.rɪ.bjuːt/
v. 认为……具有某种特质
近义词:ascribe(v. 认为是……的特点)
epithet
/ˈep.ə.θet/
n. 描述性的词汇
isolated
/ˈaɪ.sə.leɪ.t̬ɪd/
adj. 孤僻的;与世隔绝
词源补充:它最早在拉丁文里指 made into an island,意思是“把……变为一座孤岛”。
近义词:alienated(adj. 感到格格不入的,孤僻的)
例句:He lives a very isolated / alienated life.
predetermined
/ˌpriː.dɪˈtɝː.mɪnd/
adj. 预先决定的
词根词缀:pre-(前面)
相关词汇:determine(v. 决定)
例句:The meeting will be held at a predetermined time.
characteristic
/ˌker.ək.təˈrɪs.tɪk/
n. 特征
相关词汇:character(n. 性格,个性)
inconsistency
/ˌɪn.kənˈsɪs.tən.si/
n. 前后不一致,变化无常
相关词汇:consistent(adj. 前后一致的)
搭配短语:a consistent support to the idol
词根词缀:in-(表示否定)
相关词汇:inconsistent(adj. 前后不一致的,变化无常的)
temperament
/ˈtem.prə.mənt/
n. 性情,气质
相关词汇:temper(n. 脾气)
例句:He / she has a relaxed temperament.
predominate
/prɪˈdɑː.mə.neɪt/
v.(数量上)占优势,占大多数
相关词汇:dominate(主导,支配)
词义辨析:predominate, dominate
dominate 更强调在权利、影响力方面的支配,比如“支配一场谈话”是 to dominate a conversation,而 predominate 则一般强调数量方面的优势,比如“老年群体中,一般女性占大多数”,可以说 In older age groups, women normally predominate.。
scaffold
/ˈskæf.foʊld/
n. 有助益的东西;脚手架
unsavoury
/ʌnˈseɪ.vɚ.i/
adj. 不讨喜的,令人不快的
相关词汇:savour(n. 令人愉快的味道或气味)
英文释义:a pleasant taste or smell
相关词汇:savoury(adj. 味道可口的,(人)讨人喜欢的)
近义词:unpleasant(adj. 令人不快的)