Semiconductors pose an unwelcome roadblock for carmakers
半导体成为了令汽车制造商头疼的“拦路虎”
A shortage of semiconductors has left car firms unable to install the electronics that control entertainment systems, safety features and driving aids. Ferdinand Dudenhöffer of the Center Automotive Research, a German think-tank, reckons the bottlenecks will dent forecast worldwide production in 2021 by 5.2m cars, to 74.8m.
半导体的短缺使得各大汽车公司无从安装用于控制汽车娱乐系统、安全性能以及驾驶辅助的电子器件。来自汽车研究中心(德国智库机构)的费迪南德·杜德霍夫认为,此类瓶颈将影响 2021 年全球汽车的预估产量,产能预计减少 520 万辆,降至 7480 万辆。
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Ford's net profit fell by half in the second quarter, year on year, mainly owing to the chip crunch. Jaguar Land Rover expects sales in the three months to September to be 50% lower than planned.
与去年同期相比,福特汽车今年第二季度的净利润减半,主要原因就在于本次“芯片荒”。捷豹路虎也预判,截至 9 月,这三个月的销量将比原计划缩水 50%。
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Expecting weak sales, in 2020 carmakers pared back orders of electronics, and then underestimated the rapidity of recovery this year. When the pandemic boosted demand from makers of electronic devices for those locked down at home, car firms found themselves low in the semiconductor pecking order.
2020 年,汽车制造商们预计销售将呈疲软态势,于是削减了电子器件的订购量;后来他们低估了今年市场复苏的惊人速度。疫情的暴发使得人们居家隔离,从而刺激了电子设备制造商(对于半导体)的需求量。此时,汽车生产商们惊觉,自己来到了半导体供应链的“金字塔”底端。
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Established car firms also long ago outsourced development of most technology to big suppliers. This has kept chip firms and car firms at arm's length.
此外,老牌汽车公司很早之前便已将大多数设备研发工作都外包给了大型供应商。如此一来,芯片公司和汽车公司之间更是关系甚浅。
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As Pedro Pacheco of Gartner points out, software will become a significant source of profits as cars move from a disparate collection of chips to a centralised "brain" connected to the internet that can be updated remotely. In 2019 Tesla made an average of nearly $1,200 per vehicle from selling software updates, Mr Pacheco notes.
高德纳咨询公司的佩德罗·帕切科指出,软件将成为汽车厂商盈利的关键来源。目前汽车行业正在实现转型:此前它只是由一众“各忙各”的芯片堆砌而成,而如今的汽车就好比一个联网集中处理信息的“大脑”,并且可以远程更新。帕切科先生尤其提到,2019 年,特斯拉就曾通过售卖软件升级包,实现平均每车近 1200 美元的营收。
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To ensure that the hardware woes don't stymie this ambition, carmakers may need to take another leaf from Tesla's book. The Californian firm has been designing its own chips since 2016, which lets it launch new software-enabled features quickly.
汽车厂商要想确保“硬件困境”不会阻碍自己利用软件盈利的野心,那他们或许就得再跟特斯拉学上一招了。自 2016 年起,这个总部位于加利福尼亚州的公司就开始设计自研芯片了,这让它很快得以发行一系列基于软件的新功能。
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As the industry braces for a more electric and electronic future, it can ill afford to leave its fate in someone else's hands.
随着汽车行业正迎来一个日益电动化和电子化的未来,它可不能再把自己的命运交到别人手上了。
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主编:Bao、Mia
品控:木子、Felicity
审核:Raven
重点词汇
semiconductor
/ˌsem.i.kənˈdʌk.tɚ/
n. 半导体
拓展发音:/ˌsem.aɪ.kənˈdʌk.tɚ/
相关词汇:conduct(v. 传导;实施,执行)
搭配短语:to conduct a survey
搭配短语:to conduct heat / electricity
相关词汇:conductor(n. 导体)
词根词缀:-or(名词后缀)
词根词缀:semi-(表示“一半”)
拓展发音:/'semi/、/semaɪ/
相关词汇:semifinal(n. 半决赛)
相关词汇:semicircular(adj. 半圆的)
roadblock
/ˈroʊd.blɑːk/
n. 路障
相关词汇:road(n. 道路)
相关词汇:block(n. 障碍)
electronics
/iˌlekˈtrɑː.nɪks/
n. 电子器件,电子设备
词根词缀:electro-(表示“与电有关的”)
相关词汇:electronic(adj. 电子的)
英文释义:electronic equipment
相关词汇:electricity(n. 电力,电能)
reckon
/ˈrek.ən/
v. 估算;想,认为
近义词:think, suppose
例句:I reckon I'm going to get that job.
英文释义:to calculate roughly
bottleneck
/ˈbɑː.t̬əl.nek/
n. 瓶颈
相关词汇:bottle(n. 瓶子)
相关词汇:neck(n. 脖颈)
dent
/dent/
v. 减少,削弱;使产生凹痕
词义拓展:dent(n. 因撞击产生的凹坑)
近义词:damage, harm, reduce
year on year
与上年同期相比, 同比
同义词组:year over year
crunch
/krʌntʃ/
n.(突发的)不足,短缺
近义词:shortage
搭配短语:a budget crunch
搭配短语:an energy crunch
搭配短语:a semiconductor crunch
pare back
(大幅)缩减,削减
相关词汇:pare(v. 削皮;缩小,减少)
近义词:peel(v. 削皮)
搭配短语:to pare the apple
近义词:reduce(v. 缩小,减少)
同义词组:pare down
搭配短语:to pare expenses back / down to the minimum
搭配短语:to pare back / down to the bone
英文释义:to reduce to the lowest possible level
pecking order
等级排序;(鸟类世界的)啄食顺序;(人类社会中的)长幼尊卑制度、权势等级
相关词汇:peck(v. 啄食)
相关词汇:order(n. 顺序)
established
/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃt/
adj. 资深的,已确立地位的
相关词汇:establish(v. 建立)
搭配短语:an established professor
outsource
/ˈaʊt.sɔːrs/
v. 外包
相关词汇:source(v. 采购)
词义拓展:source(n. 资源)
英文释义:to get sth. from a particular place
词根词缀:out-(表示“向外”)
at arm's length
保持距离;疏远
英文释义:It is used to describe a situation in which two people, companies, etc. operate separately from each other.
disparate
/ˈdɪs.pɚ.ət/
adj. 不相干的,截然不同的
近义词组:at arm's length
woe
/woʊ/
n. 困难
近义词:trouble, problem
搭配短语:economic woes
stymie
/ˈstaɪ.mi/
v. 妨碍,阻挠
英文释义:to prevent someone from doing what they have planned or want to do
take a leaf from one's book
效仿(某人);以(某人)为榜样
近义词:imitate
brace
/breɪs/
v.(为困难)做准备
搭配短语:brace for
搭配短语:brace for job losses
electric
/iˈlek.trɪk/
adj. 用电的;电动的
相关词汇:electricity(n. 电力,电能)
can ill afford to do sth.
经不起做某事
相关词汇:ill(表示否定)
近义词组:cannot afford to do sth.
例句:They can ill afford to fail any of the exams.