1. 定义
倒装句是将句子的部分谓语或状语提前，打破常规的主语 + 谓语结构。倒装句的主要功能是突出强调或用于更正式、更优美的表达。
2. 倒装句的结构
基础公式：
完全倒装：将谓语动词的全部部分移至主语之前。
部分倒装：仅将助动词、情态动词或系动词移至主语之前，谓语主要部分仍保持原位。
3. 倒装句的功能分类及例句
类型结构功能例句
1. 否定副词置于句首否定副词 + 助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语 + 谓语动词表强调或正式表达Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
2. 表示强调的状语提前表强调的状语 + 助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语 + 谓语动词表强调或使句式更优美Seldom do they visit this museum.
3. 表示让步Adj./Adv. + as/though + 主语 + 谓语书面表达中用于让步句型Tired as he was, he continued working.
4. 条件句省略 if助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语 + 谓语更简洁优美的条件句表达Should you need any help, please let me know.
5. 表示结果的倒装so/such + 主句谓语结构（部分倒装）表结果，强调程度So beautiful was the scenery that we stayed there for hours.
6. "Only" 开头的句型Only + 状语 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语表强调时间、条件或地点Only after the meeting did I realize the importance of the issue.
7. There/Here 引导句There/Here + 系动词 + 主语描述存在状态Here comes the bus.
4. 倒装句的详细讲解与例句
（1）否定副词置于句首
常见否定副词：never, hardly, seldom, rarely, little, not until, nowhere 等。
结构：否定副词 + 助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语 + 谓语
例句：
Never have I seen such a beautiful painting.
Hardly had I arrived when the show began.
Little did they know about the danger ahead.
（2）表示强调的状语提前
常见状语：seldom, rarely, only then, often, always 等。
结构：状语 + 助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语 + 谓语
例句：
Seldom do we get the chance to meet him.
Often have I wondered about the meaning of life.
（3）表示让步
结构：Adj./Adv. + as/though + 主语 + 谓语
例句：
Tired as he was, he continued working.
Strange though it may seem, the story is true.
（4）条件句省略 "if"
结构：助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语 + 谓语
例句：
Should you have any questions, feel free to ask.
Were I you, I would take the offer.
Had I known earlier, I would have helped.
（5）表示结果的倒装
结构：so/such + 主句谓语结构（部分倒装）
例句：
So loud was the noise that we couldn’t concentrate.
Such a wonderful job did he do that everyone admired him.
（6）"Only" 开头的句型
结构：Only + 状语 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语
例句：
Only when the war ended did people return to normal life.
Only by working hard can you achieve your goals.
（7）There/Here 引导句
结构：There/Here + 系动词 + 主语
例句：
Here comes the train.
There goes the bell.
5. 倒装句注意事项
助动词的正确使用
如果原句中无助动词，倒装时需根据时态添加do/does/did。
例句：
Normal: I seldom go out.
倒装：Seldom do I go out.
主谓一致
倒装后，主语和动词的数必须一致。
例句：Here comes the bus. / Here come the buses.
强调主语时不能倒装
当主语本身是句子的强调部分时，不适用倒装。
错误例句：Hardly I knew him.
正确句式：Hardly did I know him.
6. 练习题
（1）选择题
_______ did he realize the importance of teamwork.
A. No sooner
B. Hardly
C. Only then
D. Never
_______ you ask for help, nobody will know you need it.
A. If
B. Should
C. Unless
D. Were
（2）句子改错
Only after the class ended I realize my mistake.
改正：Only after the class ended did I realize my mistake.
There comes the buses.
改正：There come the buses.
（3）翻译题
一旦你决定了，就没有回头路。
答案：Once you decide, there is no turning back.
我从未见过如此壮观的景象。
答案：Never have I seen such a spectacular view.
