形容词
形容词用途:形容主体是什么样的,主体是名词,在句子的成份既可以做名词前的修饰,可以做表语,在系动词后修饰。
形容词可以放在名词前,如a beatiful dress;
在名词前面时,多个形容词不需要and,如a big red apple(一个又大又红的苹果)
名词前面形容词的次序:[其它形容词] [国家的][材料的] 名词;
注意:形容词没有复数形式。如果一个词有复数形式,那这个词要么是名词,如果后面加s那可能是动词的第三人称形式。
形容词也可以放在名词后,但必须接在动词后面,动词有be/look/feel/seem/taste/appear/taste;
放在名词后面,接多个形容词时,要用and连接,例:This phone is thin and light.
形容词比较形式
一、普通形容词在词尾后变成er来变成比较级形容词:
1.直接加er;smaller、faster、cheaper、shorter、
2.以e结尾直接加r;nicer、later、winder、larger
3.重复词尾字母+er;如:bigger、hotter、thinner、
4.以y结尾变y为i+er;如easier、drier、luckier、friendlier、
二、多个音节以上直接加more形成比较级;如more expensive、more modern
使用:
1.比较级+than+宾语代词,如:Tony is taller than her.
2.比较级+than+主语代词+be动词;如:Tony is taller than she is. # than 是介词吗?
3.not as+形容词+as 宾语,如Leading is not as easy as management. It is not as heavy as I thought it would be.
以下句子是相同的意思:
Leading is not as easy as management. (管理比领导容易)
Management is easier than Leading.
4.too+形容词,This coffee is too sweet (sweeter than I want)
- 比较too and very:
It's very hot today.(This is a fact.)
It's too hot today.(It's hotter than I want.)
- too 和 enough的比较:
too+形容词+to do sth. He is too young to drive.
not+形容词+enough+to do sth. He is not old enough to drive.
- A 谓 +the same+noun(+as) B: A和B相同. He has the same age as she.
修饰比较级程度词
增加比较极程度的词: a lot、 much
例:He looks a lot older than his wife. He looks much older than his wife减少比较级程度的词: a little、 a bit
例: The climate in New Zealand was a bit nicer than we had expected.
副词
副词修改除名词之外的词,表示怎样、何时、在哪做。
副词的形式(记住常用的即可)在词典中有有adv的词都是副词。
常见有些是形容词加ly,如loudly, hourly;
以y结尾则要变y为ily,如easily, happily;
也有不规则的形式,如fast。
注意不是以ly结尾都是副词,如friendly,lovely, silly 和 lonely.
副词在句子中的位置
1.一般副词放在动词后面,如果动词接宾后面,则放在宾语后面。
例:
I can sleep quickly.
He does the dishes carelessly.
A stream flowed gently down into the valley.
2.频率副词在句子中的位置:放在be动词/助动词/情态动词之后,在一般动词之前。
频率副词:always(100%) usually(90%) generally(80%) often(70%) sometimes(50%) occassionally(30%) seldom(10%) rarely(5%) never(0%)
放在一般动词之前:He usually learn English after lunch.
放在Be动词之后: He is sometimes late for work.
放情态动词之后:He will never waste his time.
备注:
助动词,也叫辅助动词,不能单独做谓语。
基本助动词只有三个:be, do, have, 它们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成体,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。
情态助动词,有词性意义,情态动词接动词原型;情态助动词有can(could), shall(should), may(might), will(would), must, need not, ought to, used to, dare, had better,
增加形容词或副词程度的词
增加程度:very, really, extremely
We did very well.
We did really well.
We didd extremely well.减少程度:fairly, quite
We did fairly well but only fairly well.
Well, actually it requires quite a bit of work and research.
参考资料:English Grammar App.