PRACTITIONERS
从业者

Jacqueline Felic de Almania(c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Jacqueline Felic de Almania（约1322年）强调了女医生所面临的怀疑。她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生，做手术。1322年，她因非法行医而受审。尽管法庭听取了她作为医生能力的证明，但她还是被禁止行医。

Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve a apprenticeships with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511Tan wrote a book, sayings of Female Doctor, describing her life as physician.
谭云仙（1461-1554）是一位中国医生，从她的祖父母那里学习了医术。当时的中国女性不能当医生学徒。然而，谭通过了正式考试。谭治疗各行各业的妇女。1511年，谭写了一本书《女医生杂语》，描述了她作为医生的生活。

James Barry(c. 1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
詹姆斯·巴里（约1789-1865）出生于爱尔兰的玛格丽特·布尔利，但她打扮成一个男人，被爱丁堡大学录取学习医学。1813年，她获得了外科医生的资格，然后加入了英国军队，在海外服役。巴里于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业。

Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
丽贝卡·李·克拉普勒（1831-1895）在1860年就读于波士顿医学院之前，曾做过八年护士。四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。1865年，她搬到弗吉尼亚州，在那里她为获得自由的奴隶提供医疗服务。