上句见:Day246
The Story of Philosophy《哲学的故事》第1章Plato第4节IV. The Ethical Problem第3段第1句:
Socrates is not frightened; he continues to ask rather than answer; and after a minute of parry and thrust he provokes the unwary Thrasymachus to commit himself to a definition:
"Listen, then," says the angry Sophist, "I proclaim that might is right, and just is the interest of the stronger…. The different forms of government make laws, democratic, aristocratic, or autocratic, with a view to their respective interests; and these laws, so made by them to serve their interests, they deliver to their subjects a 'justice', and punish as 'unjust' anyone who transgresses them…. I am speaking of injustice on a large scale; and my meaning will be most clearly seen in autocracy, which by fraud and force takes away the property of others, not retail but wholesale. Now when a man has taken away the money of the citizens and made slaves of them, then, instead of swindler and thief he is called happy and blessed by all. For injustice is censured because those who censure it are afraid of suffering, and not from any scruple they might have of doing injustice themselves"(3338-44).
浙江大学译本:苏格拉底并未畏缩,他继续问而不答。在一阵唇枪舌剑之后,他终于让不甚谨慎的塞拉西马柯给出了自己的定义:
解析
这句继续写正义之论战。阿苏的一如继往问而不答,激怒了阿色,阿色给出了有关正义的定义。
1、Socrates is not frightened;
不畏惧:苏格拉底并未畏缩。
2、he continues to ask rather than answer;
继续:他继续问而不答;
3、and after a minute of parry and thrust he provokes the unwary Thrasymachus to commit himself to a definition:
激怒:在一番唇枪舌剑之后,他激怒了不甚谨慎的色拉叙马霍斯,色拉叙马霍斯给出了定义。
parry: an act of stopping or warding off a weapon, threat, etc., esp. with a countermove推挡;回避
它起源于16世纪的法语“parer”(挡开、避开),主要用于击剑等场合,表示用武器撑开对方的攻击
Paul directed a parry downward, turned, saw Halleck's rapier catch against the table's edge.保罗向下挡了一下,转身,就看见哈勒克的长剑卡在了桌子边。《沙丘》
thrust: a forward or upward push刺,塞
它来自古英语“thrystan”或“thrustan”(推、挤、逼迫),。
Two of the knife trusts were fatal.有两处刀伤是致命的。
parry and thrust:更常见的是“thrust and parry”,形象描绘了双方剑手进攻(刺)和防守(挡)的动作,也被引申为“唇枪舌剑;激烈交锋”来形容双方在辩论、谈判、外交等场合你来我往、互相攻击和防御的状态。
provoke: to cause (a person or animal to become angry, violent, etc.挑衅,激怒,
We will, instead, provoke you to uncover all you do not know before you leave.相反,我们会在四年时光里激发你发现自己未知的事物。《名高校开学演讲》
unwary:easily fooled or surprised, not aware of and careful about possible problems, dangers, etc.不甚谨慎的,不警惕的
“wary”来自古英语“warian”,意思是“谨慎的、警惕的”,和古高地德语“waren”(守护、保卫)以及原始日耳曼语“*warōjaną”(注意、警惕)有关。
An unwary statistician might conclude that Indian prices have dropped dramatically.一个不太谨慎的统计学家可能会得出印度物价已急速下降。《经济学人》
commit oneself to: to say that (someone or something) will definitely do something承诺,保证做
He had come dangerously near to Seward's radicalism in his "house-divided-against-itself" speech but he had never committed himself to the reckless doctrine that there was a "higher law" than the Constitution.在他那篇“分裂之家”的演讲中,他已经危险地接近了西沃德的激进主义,但他从未认同那种认为存在一种高于宪法的“更高法律”的鲁莽论调。《美国历史》
苏格拉底并未畏缩,他继续问而不答。经过了一番唇枪舌剑后,他激怒了不甚谨慎的色拉叙马霍斯,色拉叙马霍斯给出了定义。