The Complexities of privately developed" attractions : The Rise of Privately Developed Scenic Spots and Their Impact on Society
Xizi Zhang The High School affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University
abstract
For a long time, the tourism industry has been one of Xi'an's proud industries; As a leading internet celebrity city in the country, the tourism industry has greatly driven the development and display of the local economy, as well as promoted the local culture and environmental construction. However, the rapid development of tourism in this city has also given rise to some local industries that are on the gray edge; This study will focus on how the industrial chain of artificially replicating fake scenic spots ("privately developed" scenic spots) can achieve a balance between the grey economy and the formal market. By constructing a grey economy model, answer the following question about this phenomenon: How do fake tourist attractions that create artificial replicas ("privately developed" tourist attractions) operate? How do they strike a balance between the grey economy and the normal market? What kind of long-term social impact will they have, and what kind of position will they be in in the future? By exploring the internal workings of these pseudo scenic spots, we can gain a deeper understanding of how they operate, how they manage to sustain themselves in the grey economy, and the potential impact they may have on society. By analyzing their operations, we can also gain a deeper understanding of how they can better integrate into mainstream markets, ensuring that all participants have a more sustainable and positive future.
Introduction
At present, tourism has become the fastest developing industry in China's tertiary industry and even in the national economy. In 2017, the total tourism revenue reached 5.40 trillion yuan, up by 15. 1%, accounting for 11.04% of the total GDP(Zhang Xin, 2021)and The most important driving force for the development of tourism in Shaanxi Province is the rapid development of social economy in Shaanxi province. The rapid economic development makes people's life become rich and prosperous, and then have a strong desire for tourism.(Zhang Xin, 2021)Recently, some places without the permission of the relevant departments to set up private "scenic spots", the special rectification work plan of the problem of private "scenic spots" gives a clear definition, that is, without the permission of the relevant departments, in a certain place or area, illegal to provide tourist services, illegal tourism business activities. Specific manifestations: unlicensed operation, disturbing the order of the tourism market; collecting the ticket fees without permission, building tourist facilities and destroying the ecological environment; operating high-risk tourism projects without license and having potential tourism safety risks; false publicity, cheating customers and harming the legitimate rights and interests of tourists; changing land use and carrying out tourism operation; other providing tourism services in violation of regulations,resulting in tourism chaos, cheated tourists reflect strongly.As a gray industrial chain, the artificial replica attractions make countless tourists spend "wasted money" through false publicity, which is undoubtedly a smear for the local tourism industry."White" means that the information is completely clear, "black" means that
the information is uncertain, "Gray" means that some information is clear and some information is unclear.For tourism, these phenomena are undoubtedly the gray economy that affects the operation and publicity of other normal scenic spots in the city; in essence, the gray economic activity consists of legal economic behavior, but does not pay taxes to the government or comply with government regulations (Suquan Xu, 2008), so it is usually called "informal" economy.The grey economy, the reason for its existence, is clear, because there are many benefits to economic activities out of sight. First, do not report income, so you can avoid income tax. Secondly, not to pay social security reduces the cost of human wages to enrich themselves, because social security usually takes a large amount between after-tax income and payroll. In addition, employers can save money on reduced labor protection, environmental protection, and employee health insurance payments, not to mention intellectual property issues.(Suquan Xu, 2008) For the private scenic spots discussed in this institute, the false advertising, consumer fraud is found by the Bureau of fake private attractions in Xi'an.The profound heritage of the ancient capital of thirteen dynasties gives Shaanxi the title of "Museum of Chinese Natural History". Back at the beginning of tourism in the 1980s. With the famous cultural tourism resources such as the Terracotta Warriors and horses, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and the ancient city wall, Shaanxi has become a major tourism province and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. But its tourism product structure is relatively single and similar. (Zhao Hui, Liu Lianhua, Yang Ni, 2007) For many years, Shaanxi is basically the cultural relics tourism as the main tourism products. As a result, among the private scenic spots in Xi'an, the site of cultural relics.
Macroscopically, the prevalence of the grey economy affects the entire economy. The answer is a new study from McKinsey Global Research, done by Ferrell et al. The price that people pay for the underground economy is low productivity. Underground companies are always happy to stay small and go their own way to avoid government regulation. However, their small size limits their ability to use new technologies and try new business opportunities. The expansion of the grey economy means the loss of government revenue, which then leads to the insufficient supply of public goods to the government, while the lack of government revenue further leads to the increase of tax rates for companies and individuals, thus further stimulating the prosperity of the gray economy.(Gray economy,(Suquan Xu 2007) 。When we return the impact of the grey economy to the tourists themselves and the impact on tourism。 These microscopic effects can also surface the severity of the damage they bring ,the experience is extremely bad for tourists coming to Xi 'an, and the tourism industry in Xi' an will lose credibility and receive negative comments.
Method
Interview is a research-based conversation, which is a way of collecting objective and unbiased factual materials based on the responses of the interviewee in oral form, in order to accurately explain the population represented by the sample. (Baidu entry)Case study is a research method that obtains in-depth understanding and insights by conducting in-depth investigations and analyzing specific cases. This
study mainly applies these two research methods to draw targeted conclusions. The combination of the two can not only make the research closer to reality, enhance the realism and pertinence of the research, but also supplement each other's content, thereby improving the depth and breadth of the research. Interview method can provide detailed data and vivid materials for case studies, making case analysis more detailed and realistic. Case studies can provide specific background and framework for interview method, which can make conclusions more accurate.The interview was mainly used during the research process as a means of collecting data, as it provides direct contact with visitors who have experienced private attractions and observe their mode of operation. The interviews allowed me to ask in-depth and follow-up questions, and the interviews gave unexpected insights and more realistic and detailed scenario reviews, providing a more comprehensive view of the questions.
- I studied the most important and the most typical terracotta warriors attractions fake three highly exposed private scenic spots, they are "dream back to Daqin", "Shaanxi eight miracle pavilion" and 'underground'; they have a highly similar common ground, not only the content of fake scenic spots, but also because their operation mode and means of attracting customers is almost the same.Choosing the three of them as the representatives of the private fake scenic spots can also be used as mutual reference and comparison On the Internet, I asked them all by reviewing relevant reports and some we-media posts on social media, and conducted related questions and interviews.
Interviewing questions are carefully worded and designed as the research process can touch on some personal topic. During the interview, I first asked about the basic information of how do they know about these private attractions such as the social media, some common online ticketing platforms, or those brought here by drivers or some tour groups included in their grey industry chain. These background information it is a good part of its operation and a reliable basis for the next hypothesis.The second part I inquired about is the feeling,including the service and experience in the whole process, how the experience, what are the activities '; not only surprised to find that there is a tour guide, but also can improve our overall judgment of its industry chain.Thirdly, I asked about the psychological status and the Follow-up mentality after this experience;also inquiring them about some of overall view of xi'an tourism industry and the influence of this matter on their future tourism experience. This enables me to successfully have a feasible and accurate judgment basis for the impact of these private attractions on micro areas, especially individuals, and to analyze its potential impact and long-term negative lasting power. Lastly, I specifically inquired about the schools in the name of the organization outside activities bring students to these attractions, the school is no doubt take students to go to visit the scenic spots, but this seemingly astray behavior —— to these private attractions is not alone, this will be one of the study is very unique findings, also to the back of the hypothesis provides a reliable basis.
Interviewees are then and discuss how the industry chain is closely related to their itinerary, and why it will hinder the real attraction information and multiple drivers, allowing me to find out what reasons there may be, or to prevent the
phenomenon from continuing to breed and make more people unlucky.During the interviewee I received a wealth of data and in-depth answers,providing very detailed, thorough travel experiences and the very basic operation mode of private attractions, as well as some reasonable and worth further exploration.
Analysis
After organizing and analyzing the play their role in bolstering or decreasing material collected from the interviewees,I individuals'resilience as well as certain was able to identify certain traits and actions they take in response to the different tourist attractions have the ability to adapt and different methods,but can accurately achieve the final purpose and constantly derive new methods,in this case,is under various conditions.Exploring the psychological state of the respondents and their willingness to travel later,as well as the overall view of the tourism industry in Xi'an,will help the researchers to analyze the potential impact of these private attractions on the micro-areas,especially the individuals.This impact may include tourist satisfaction, loyalty,and changes in future travel choices.This not only provides a strong support for the current research,but also points out the direction for the future exploration and improvement measures.
Background information based on Interview
Table 1A statistical table ofvisiting the fake terracotta Warriors
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Note:This data comes from the comment section and direct private inquiry of the Xiaohongshu app and the Weiboapp
Table 2 Basic information ofthe mentality oftourists
Note:The seven people came from the summary of Xiaohongshu's post and the author's review after seeing some of the comments.
How to konwFeelingFollow-up mentality
Grouppurchase
online 29.9
figure is cheap
Special guide ——Shaanxi eight wonders pavilionThose who are cheated feel that the experience is declining,which affects the subsequent judgment. They always think about whether they will be
cheated.The management is not standardized,and it
is difficult to distinguish the true and false,which will discredit Xi'an
Subway entrance,
Shaanxi people accent driver to cheat
Know that was cheated ,
butoutside are guards had to come in —— Shaanxi eight miracle pavilion
Unsatisfied with the tourism, are pit money shopping pit money, scenic spots pit money
Airport / train station black
car (deception: Real attractions that are not
crowded
When there are many tourists, there are guides, few tourists, when the lights are not on, but there are a lot of security
guards —— Shaanxi eight miracle pavilion
Local culture and tourism bureau: regardless of inaction, pay taxes; channels are not limited. Feel that the government is irresponsible
A bus of a
disguised staff member
Simulate the real ticket staff
mixed in when the tourists — — dream back to Daqin
The staff is unreasonable, and the feedback to the rights protection center has no results
Organized by the primary
school (spring outing)
Don't rememberN/A
Because of the
network
propaganda, the special trip to
the past to join in the fun
Curiosity drives, play is a walk (10 yuan)To play is to try a fun , is indifferent mentality, did not pay much attention to the experience process.
Overall operation mode and balance skill:
Hypothesis :The creation of artificial attractions is to attract visitors by imitating real attractions or creating new concepts. These attractions are often developed by private investors or companies, using advertising and marketing to attract tourists.The balance between artificial fake attractions in the grey economy and normal markets is achieved through flexible pricing strategies, cooperation with local communities, and cooperation with government agencies. These attractions often offer prices below the normal market, work with local communities to provide services and facilities, and seek compliance with government agencies.
Origin:
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First, we think this is a typical market profit-seeking behavior. China is rich in tourism resources and has a large population. With the continuous improvement of
people's living standards, the tourism industry is booming, so some people set up private "scenic spots" in order to make quick money and seek profits.(Zhi Zhenfeng, 2022) Second, the number of existing scenic spots is insufficient, In the peak season is overcrowded, Ticket prices are high, The price of accommodation and accommodation will also rise, Greatly increased the travel costs for consumers, According to the interview and survey information, This study points out that some tourists are seeking cheap, Chose to come to this replica scenic spot; The increase of travel cost is undoubtedly invisible to reduce the comfort of tourism, It also increases the possibility of being cheated, Since the Xi'an Culture and Tourism Bureau and the Market Supervision Administration have not always quickly regulated the market,
This leads to such a situation; The competent departments and relevant departments
have insufficient supervision and management of the tourism market, and have not investigated and investigated these private "scenic spots".Third, the existing scenic spots fail to meet the needs of consumption upgrading, The scenic spots are seriously homogeneous, Lack of innovation in tourism programs, Poor travel experience, Lack of attraction to senior tourists (Zhi Zhenfeng, 2022) As a result, many locals or current web celebrity bloggers choose to be ahead of curiosity and huge traffic interests, Choose to actively experience such private scenic spots with high exposure, The emergence of this situation; Let the phenomenon go from more than a single fraud, Instead, it gives policy makers the possibility of a transformation. At the same time, considering the phenomenon of visiting the whole school only on the basis of school activities (such as spring outing, autumn outing, etc.), it makes speculation about the relationship between the social interpersonal network in the origin of the industrial chain, or whether there is mutual interest with other community agencies or governments.
be in motion and do business:
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At present, with the continuous development of the Internet, online ticket purchase and Internet publicity have become one of the main ways of attracting customers; it is different from the "driver and tour guide" in the subway entrance or airport and high-speed rail station, when it appears on the formal platform (such as Meituan, Ctrip, etc.), it can more easily gain the trust of tourists and can fake comments and introductions, making the attractions achieve the real effect; and in more cases, is a ruthless fraud for consumers.As illegal business activities, such as collecting tickets, selling goods, compulsory guide explanation is its business scope; some private scenic spots may have illegal construction, illegal transformation, without any market supervision bureau, reduce the cost of security risks, without reducing the access to complete fraud.
future development:
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The problem of private "scenic spots" exists for a long time, and rebound from time to time, and special rectification is indispensable. Vice President of the China Tourism Academy Shi Peihua thinks: " the destination from the tourism supply side, through the development of global tourism, break the 'scenic economy' path dependence, rational layout and development of tourism attractions, develop diversified,
personalized, high quality tourism products activities meet the demand of tourist diversity experience, optimize the structure of tourism flow, consumption flow space.”(Tubo, 2022)At present, the measures of the China Culture and Tourism Bureau are to establish some private "scenic spots" (including Internet celebrity places) with perfect facilities and services, such as meeting the conditions of ecological protection and safety facilities, planning and environmental assessment, and become regular scenic spots through legal procedures. Some private "scenic spots" that do not meet the requirements of formal scenic spots, such as those that cannot meet the basic safety needs and destroy the ecology, will be severely banned in accordance with the law and held responsible in accordance with the law.(Chen Lei, 2022,)
At the same time, Shandong Province Liaocheng City People's Government Vice Mayor Ma Lihong pointed out all platforms that can upload scenic spots and information are obliged to check relevant information, such as the identification documents and effective contact information; compliance review of advertising information, and whether the published information violates laws, administrative regulations, public order and good customs and infringement of intellectual property rights of others; and deleted if necessary.In addition, local cultural and tourism administrative departments and comprehensive law enforcement agencies of the cultural market need to cooperate with natural resources, ecological environment, market supervision and other relevant departments to implement their law enforcement responsibilities. Relevant departments can adopt the "joint meeting" system, all departments unified understanding, joint office, joint law enforcement, each link seamless connection, in order to play a good governance effect.(Chen Lei, 2022,)
Long-term social impacts:
Hypothesis : Artificial fake attractions may generate short-term economic benefits, but in the long term, they may have negative effects on local communities, culture and the environment. Moreover, if these attractions are not properly regulated andmanaged, they may have unfair effects on the normal market and economy.
Affected groups:
Tourists:They are faced with loss of property, wasting time, without a good experience and will be in a pessimistic and negative state of the whole travel process.
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Regular tour operators: Private "scenic spots" may harm their interests through unfair competition means ,Not only the decline in traffic, but also the declining reputation as a result ,This will affect the work and life of this group.
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Local communities and environments:In general, there are no other gray transactions and revenues.It may damage the ecological environment and disturb the lives of the local residents, and most fundamentally affect the economic development of the local area; many tourists will choose to see the whole
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community as the disaster area that may be cheated; so they will not even patronize or stay here, let alone trust and consume
Tourist experience emphasizes the tourists' understanding of material culture and spiritual culture in the process of tourism activities. Tourist experience runs through the tourism process, including tourism planning, tourism experience, tourism consumption, etc., which is a comprehensive sense of gain.(Sun Yujun ,Yu Shengnan, , Jiang Haixu 2023 )As this lack of integrity and service awareness becomes more and more common, tourist complaints and complaints will increase accordingly, and reviews will also decline..This is the biggest criterion for local tourism, which is closely related to the local tourism industry, and the reputation and future income. When the private scenic spots by fraud consumers destroy its touristexperience is very poor, it is undoubtedly a fatal blow to the local tourism industry.
Results:.
Table 3 Summary of Results
Central problemsAffected groupsTourist mental
ity
Current policyThe Reason (Official Interview)
Operation without permiss
ion
touristDisappointmentEligible under the lawMarket
profit-seeking behavior
Destroy
the ecol ogical e nvironmen t
Regular t our opera torWorried about safetyThose that can satisfy the basic safety requirements but damage the ecological environment shall be
severely replaced
according to law, and the relevant responsible
persons shall be
investigated according to law
The number of
existing
attractions is
insufficient, the price of scenic
spots is too high
Hidden d anger (s ecurity
)
Local Com munities
and Envir onment
Influence subs equent judgmen tsEstablish a long-term mechanismDiversified
personalized
travel experience (I personally do not agree)
Fraud to tourist Think it's fu
n
The relevant departments may adopt the joint
meeting system, and the departments may unify
their understanding of
joint office and joint law enforcement
Inadequate
supervision and
management of
tourism market by tourism
authorities and relevant
departments
Discussion&Conclusion:
This research talk about those to fraud consumers to profit, fake attractions, also known as "private development" attractions, private "attractions" regulation object without the permission of the relevant departments, in a certain place or area, illegal service for tourists, illegal tourism business activities (culture and tourism on the issue of private "attractions" rectification work plan notice, 2022) these individuals or groups need to create real tourist attractions resources, professional knowledge and legitimacy, so they are in the gray area of tourism, rely on not compliance gray economy to earn income. These fake sites often attract visitors by targeting specific markets or trends, and using a variety of marketing strategies to promote their own attractions. In order to legalize their business, they may seek partnerships with local businesses or government agencies and attempt to obtain official recognition or certification. While these fake attractions may bring short-term economic benefits to local communities, they can also disrupt local tourism, leading to environmental degradation and cultural exploitation. Therefore, it needs appropriate supervision and regulation to ensure that it does not appear and have negative effects.
This study reveals the balance between grey economy and formal market: by studying how its attractiveness balances between grey economy and formal market, we can better understand how the informal economy operates and how to guide these economic activities to formalization. In this process, we can predict and deeply analyze the long-term social impact through some phenomena, which can help decision makers predict and deal with potential problems, so as to form a more comprehensive and sustainable development strategy, which can gradually develop to the model advocated by the National Administration of Culture and Tourism. And exploring ways for sustainable tourism to better integrate these informal economic activities into formal markets, we can create a more sustainable and positive future for
all participants. Can promote the cooperation between different fields, jointly solve practical problems and for the academic researchers but also associated to tourism warning and remind, enhance and improve public awareness: through this study, more people after reading will realize the existence and influence of the informal economy, then improve the public awareness of related issues and attention.
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news.anhuinews.com 文旅部严查私设“景点”问题 专家建议把符合条件的依法 “转正”
法治日报 私设“景点”为何存在?文化和旅游部印发通知严查
中国旅游报 什么行为属于私设“景点” ?文旅部专项整治方案来了
Appendix
Main questions inquired during the interview
1. Objective descriptions of
a) the information of the message channel
b) The environment and services within the private attractions
2. Subjective recall of
a)Psychological changes after participating in their own scenic spots
B)Discuss the reasons and feelings with previous participants (visitors)