by watching local people washing in the river. |
通过观察当地人在河里洗澡 学会了使用肥皂 |
But, remarkably, these orangutans were born in the wild, |
但惊人的是 这些猩猩是在野外出生的 |
so the idea has spread among the wild population. |
所以这个方法在野外的猩猩群体里传播开来了 |
The sharing of the soap suggests how new orangutans |
分享肥皂的行为展示了猩猩 |
may have learned the technique. |
是如何学习新技巧的 |
It's become a form of animal culture, passed on to the young, |
这成了一种动物文化 传承给年轻的一代 |
something only seen among a few intelligent species. |
这仅存在于一些高智商的动物中 |
Why they are so keen to lather up |
为什么它们如此热衷于泡沫 |
is intriguing and not completely understood. |
这个问题非常有趣但原因还不为人知 |
But then, nearby, a female does something |
但是 就在跟前 一只雌猩猩做出了 |
that might shed light on this extraordinary behaviour. |
一些可以揭示这种非凡行为的事情 |
She chews a piece of bark |
她咀嚼着一小片树皮 |
and creates a frothy lather in her mouth, |
嘴里产生了泡沫 |
just like soap suds. |
就像是肥皂泡 |
Rubbing it on her arm, |
在胳膊上摩擦着 |
she makes the same movements as she would if washing with soap |
她做着和用肥皂清洗一样的动作 |
but then starts to eat it. |
然后吃掉了 |
Orangutans are known to use medicinal leaves in similar ways. |
人们已经知道 猩猩用类似的方式使用药用叶子 |
So perhaps the bark has therapeutic qualities, too. |
所以也许这种树皮也具有疗效 |
Maybe soap washing caught on so easily |
也许用肥皂洗澡如此流行 |
because it mirrored their natural behaviour. |
是因为这反映了它们的自然行为 |
They also eat the suds, but strangely, |
它们也吃肥皂泡 但奇怪的是 |
they seem to enjoy the taste. |
它们似乎很喜欢这个味道 |
It doesn't harm them in any way. |
反正对它们不会有害 |
Perhaps it aids their digestion,too. |
也许这也有助于消化 |
And now Spy Orangutan gives it a try |
现在间谍猩猩也尝试着 |
much to the real one's fascination. |
像真猩猩一样入迷 |
Intelligent curiosity is vital for orangutan survival |
生活在这复杂的森林里聪明且好奇心强 |
in a complex jungle world. |
对猩猩来说至关重要 |
In the cold and harsh conditions of Alaska, |
在阿拉斯加寒冷恶劣的条件下 |
animals also rely on their wits to stay alive. |
动物们同样依靠着它们的智慧存活 |
Here, sea otters gather together in congregations known as rafts. |
在这里 海獭聚集在这里 像竹筏一样 |
They are notoriously difficult to approach. |
它们是出了名的难以接近 |
So Spy Sea Otter offers the best chance to infiltrate their world. |
所以间谍海獭提供了一个接近它们的好机会 |
He approaches slowly |
他慢慢地接近 |
and soon captures some of the closest and most intimate views possible. |
很快就捕捉到了一些最亲密的画面 |
Happy he's harmless, |
确认他无害后 |
the otter gets on with his daily routine. |
海獭继续他的日常 |
Wherever he goes, |
不论他去哪里 |
Spy Otter keeps a spying eye on him. |
间谍海獭始终监视着他 |
Sea otters spend up to 50% of their time feeding, |
海獭每天花上一半的时间觅食 |
catching seafood delicacies such as clams and crabs. |
捕食一些美味的水产 比如蛤和蟹 |
But some shells are just too tough for their teeth to crack. |
但是一些贝类太过坚硬 难以用牙齿咬开 |
This is where their ingenuity comes in. |
这就是体现它们智慧的时候了 |
Stones are dredged from the seabed |
从海底捞出的石头 |
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then placed on their chests as anvils. |
放在胸前 作为石砧 |
He can then crack even the toughest shell. |
就算是最坚硬的贝壳也能敲开 |
It's a brilliant solution, |
这是一个绝妙的方法 |
but a mother with a newborn faces a problem. |
但带孩子的母亲就有麻烦了 |
How to feed with a baby on board? |
宝宝躺在上面 她该怎么办 |
Newborn otters are covered with soft, downy fur |
新生的小海獭身上覆盖着柔软的绒毛 |
to keep them warm and buoyant. |
来保暖和增加浮力 |
It takes three months to gain the waterproof adult fur |
需要三个月后才能长出防水的成年皮毛 |
needed to dive underwater. |
才能潜入水底 |
So, when he's wet and bedraggled, |
所以 当他又湿又脏的时候 |
the mother grooms his fur and blows in air |
海獭妈妈便会梳理它的毛发 吹着气 |
to keep him dry and buoyant. |
让他保持干燥 好浮起来 |
Having spruced him up into a floating fuzzball, |
把他整理成毛球一样后 |
she confidently leaves him to bob about on his own. |
她放心地让它自己浮着 |
She's now free to dive for food |
现在她可以潜水去找吃的了 |
leaving baby asleep |
离开熟睡的宝宝 |
in his furry flotation suit. |
它靠着绒毛浮在水上 |
When he awakes,he finds his mother has gone. |
当他醒来时 发现他的妈妈已经离开 |
He swims to reach her, |
他想要游到她的身边 |
but he's now fighting the tide. |
却要与浪潮抗争 |
But his mother must eat while she can. |
他的妈妈需要尽可能地多吃 |
The survival of both depends on it. |
这关系到母子俩的生存 |
The baby may be struggling, |
宝宝可能要游得很费力 |
but here, mothers believe in tough love. |
但是在这里 海獭妈妈坚持严厉的爱 |
She can't miss the opportunity to feed. |
她不能错过觅食的机会 |
No matter how vigorously her baby swims, |
不论她的宝宝游得多么起劲 |
the current carries him away. |
浪潮还是卷走了他 |
But his mother is smarter and more caring than she seems. |
不过海獭妈妈更聪明 而且比看上去更关心她的宝宝 |
Far from being neglectful, |
非但没有疏忽 |
she's teaching her baby a vital survival lesson. |
她还教会了她的宝宝至关重要的生存技能 |
He's been born into a tough world. |
他出生在一个举步为艰的世界 |
These sea swells are nothing |
与他要面临的未来相比 |
compared with what he'll face in the future. |
这些海浪都不算什么 |
Intelligent animals spend a lot of time teaching their youngsters. |
聪明的动物都会花大量的时间来教它们的孩子们 |
It's how they pass on vital skills. |
这是它们传授重要技能的方法 |
Now another lesson. |
现在是另外一课 |
In rough weather, sea otters |
天气恶劣时 海獭 |
wrap themselves in kelp |
用海藻包裹着自己 |
to use as an anchor. |
就像用锚一样 |
Sometimes, it helps to cosy up with someone else. |
有时 这也可以趁机与其他海獭套近乎 |
Spy Otter tries it out. |
间谍海獭也试了一下 |
Clearly, this is harder than it looks. |
很明显 这比看上去更难 |
In this harsh environment, |
在这样艰难的环境中 |
the otters' intelligence helps them eke out a living. |
海獭的智慧帮助它们维持生活 |
The arid forests of north-east Brazil |
巴西东北部的干旱森林里 |
could hardly be more different, |
情况又完全不同了 |
but here, too, necessity is the mother of invention. |
但这里 有需求就也有创造 |
It's so dry, bearded capuchins find little in the way of fruit. |
这里非常干燥 黑纹卷尾猴几乎找不到水果 |
Instead, they have to make do with dried seeds and nuts. |
所以它们只能食用种子和坚果 |
But these nuts have incredibly hard shells. |
但是这些坚果的壳非常硬 |
To crack them open, they use stones as tools, |
为了弄开这些坚果 它们把石头用作工具 |
some almost as heavy as they are. |
有些几乎和它们自己一样重 |
It's a cultural tradition |
这是一种文化传统 |
that's thought to be at least 700 years old. |
至少有700年了 |
Spy Rock stakes out their favourite nut-cracking site. |
间谍石头监视着它们最喜欢敲果壳的地方 |
It takes both skill and intelligence to perfect the technique. |
熟练掌握这项技能需要同时具备技巧和智慧 |